Alms ( , ) or almsgiving involves giving to others an act of merit, either materially or in the sense of providing ability (eg education) is free. It exists in a number of religions and regions. The word, in modern English, comes from the Old English ÃÆ'Â|lmesse , ÃÆ'Â|lmes , from the Latin End eleemosyna , from the Greek ?????????? ele? mosyn? ("affection, alms"), from ???????, ele? m? n ("merciful"), from ??? ??, eleos ("affection").
Video Alms
Judaism
In Judaism, tzedakah - a Hebrew term that literally means the truth but is used to denote charity - refers to the religious obligation to do what is right and just. Tzedakah contemporary is considered a continuation of the Maaser Ani Bible, or poor-tithing, as well as Bible practice including allowing the poor to gather corners of the field, harvest during the Shmita (Sabbath year), and other practices. Tzedakah, along with prayer and repentance, is considered an ameliorating consequence of a bad act.
In Judaism, Tzedakah (charity) is seen as one of the greatest deeds a human can do. Jewish farmers were instructed to leave the corners of their fields for starvation to harvest food and were forbidden to take whatever grain had been dropped during the harvest, because such food would be left to starve as well.
The well-known and scholarly Jewish scholar of Maimonides has been noted for creating a charity list, with the most correct form that allows one to be independent and capable of charity to others.
1) Enable the receiver to be self-contained
2) Giving when no one knows the identity of the other party
3) Deliver when you know the identity of the recipient, but the recipient does not know your identity
4) Giving when you do not know the recipient's identity, but the recipient knows your identity
5) Give before asking
6) Giving after being asked
7) Giving it less than it should, but giving it cheerfully
8) Give begrudgingly
Maps Alms
Islam
In Islam, the concept of charity is generally divided into voluntary giving, or Shadaqah, and Zakat, a mandatory practice governed by a set of specific rules in Islamic jurisprudence, and is intended to meet a well-defined set of theological and social requirements. For that reason, while Zakat plays a much larger role in Islamic charity, Sadaqah may be a better translation of the Christian-influenced formulation of the idea of ​​'alms'.
Zakat is the third of the five pillars of Islam. Various rules stick to practice but, in general, are obliged to give 2.5% of a person's savings and business income and 5-10% of one's harvest to the poor. Recipients who may include the poor, the working poor, those who are unable to pay off their own debts, stranded tourists and others in need, on the general principle of zakaah are always that the rich should pay for the poor. One of the most important principles of Islam is that all things belong to God and, therefore, wealth is held by man in belief.
The literal meaning of the word Zakat is "purifying", "developing" and "causing to grow". According to Shariah it is an act of worship. Our wealth is purified by setting aside some for those in need. These cuts, such as pruning, balancing and encouraging new growth.
Zakat is the amount of money that every adult, mentally stable, free, and financially capable Muslim, male or female, must pay to support certain categories of people.
The categories of these people are defined in surah at-Taubah (9) verse 60: "Alms only for the poor and the needy, and those who collect it, and those whose hearts are reconciled, and to free the captives and the debtor, and to the purpose of Allah, and the wayfarer, the obligation burdened by Allah, Allah is All-Knowing, Wise. "(Al-Qur'an 9:60).
The obligatory nature of Zakat is firmly established in the Qur'an, Sunnah (or Hadith), and consensus of Muslim companions and scholars. Allah states in Surah at-Taubah verse 34-35: "O believers, indeed there are many among the priests and messengers, who lie in the devil of human beings and barred from the way of Allah. those who bury gold and silver and spend it not in the way of Allah, announce to them the most painful punishment - On the Day when the heat will be produced in the fire of Hell, thereby stamped their foreheads, their pelvis and their backs , their pelvis, and their backs. "This is (the treasure) which you buried for yourselves: your taste, then you are buried!" (Holy Qur'an 9: 34-35).
The Muslims of each age have approved the nature of the obligation to pay Zakat for gold and silver, and from other currencies.
Zakat is an obligation when a certain amount of money, called nisab is reached or exceeded. Zakat is not mandatory if the amount owned is less than this Nisab. Nisab (or minimum amount) of gold and gold coins is 20 mithqal, about 85 grams of pure gold. One mithqal is approximately 4.25 grams. The currency of silver and silver nisab is 200 dirhams, which is approximately 595 grams of pure silver. Nisab of the other types of money and currency must be adjusted to gold; nisab of money equivalent to the price of 85 grams 999-pure (pure) gold, on the day in which Zakat is paid.
Zakat is mandatory once money has been in control of its owner for a lunar year span. Then the owner must pay 2.5% (or 1/40) of the money as Zakat. (One lunar year is about 355 days). The owner must deduct the amount of money he borrows from others; then check if the rest reach the required nisab, then pay Zakat for it.
If the owner has enough money to meet nisab at the beginning of the year, but his wealth in any form increases, the owner needs to add an increase to the amount of nisab he had at the beginning of the year, then pay Zakat, 2.5%, of the total at the end of the lunar year. There is a small difference between the jurisprudence school about how this is calculated. Every Muslim counts his zakat. For most purposes, this involves payments every year two and a half percent of one's capital.
A righteous man can also give as much as he wants as a sadaqa, and do it with pleasure in secret. Although this word can be translated as 'voluntary charity', it has a broader meaning. The Prophet said, "Even meeting your brother with a cheerful face is a charity."
The Prophet said: 'Charity is a necessity for every Muslim.' He was asked: "What if someone does not have anything?" The Prophet replied: 'He must work with his own hands for his benefit and then give something of that income in charity.' The Companions asked: 'What if he can not work?' The Prophet said: 'He must help the poor and needy.' The Companions asked further 'What if he can not do that?' The Prophet said 'He must urge others to do good.' The Companions said, "What if he also lacks it?" The Prophet said 'He must examine himself from doing evil. It's also a charity. '
Buddhism
In Buddhism, alms or alms is the reverence given by a lay Buddhist to a Buddhist monk, nun, spiritually developed or other living creature. This is not a charity as alleged by Western interpreters. It is closer to a symbolic connection to the spiritual world and to show humility and respect in the face of secular society. The act of charity gives help in connecting humans with monks or nuns and what it represents. As the Buddha has stated:
In Theravada Buddhism, nuns (P? Li: bhikkhunis) and monks (P? Li: monks ) go on daily alms ( pindacara ) for collecting food ( pi ?? ap? ta ). This is often considered to give the layman a chance to make achievements (P? Li: puÃÆ' Â ± ÃÆ' Â ± a). Money can not be accepted by a Theravadan monk or nun as a substitute or as an addition to food, because the Patimokkha training rules make it a worthy offense and confession.
In countries that follow Mahayana Buddhism, daily alms practice has largely been extinguished. In China, Korea and Japan, local culture rejects the idea of ​​giving food to the 'begging' scholars, and no tradition of getting 'reward' by donating to practitioners. After the period of persecution, the monasteries are located in remote mountain areas where the distance between the monastery and nearby towns will make daily alms unlikely. In Japan, weekly or monthly takuhatsu practices replace the daily round. In Himalayan countries, a large number of monks will make pindapata a heavy burden for the family. Competition with other religions for support also makes pindapatta daily difficult and even dangerous; the first Buddhist monk in the Korean Silla dynasty was said to be beaten because of their minority at the time.
In Buddhism, both "alms" and, more generally, "give" is called "d? Na" (P? Li). Such a gift is one of the three elements of a practice formulated by the Buddha for the layman. Training courses for the general public are: d? Na, s? La, bh? Van?
The paradox in Buddhism is that the more people give - and the more it gives without searching for something in return - the richer (in the broadest sense of the word) a person will become. By giving someone the destructive impulse impulses that eventually lead to further suffering. Generosity is also expressed to other living beings as a cause of kindness and to help gift recipients. In the Mahayana Tradition it is accepted that although the three gems of protection are the basis of the greatest reward, seeing other living beings as having the Shit and giving offerings to the aspirational Buddha to be in is equally beneficial. The generosity of other sentient beings is strongly emphasized in the Mahayana as one of the perfection (paramita) as shown in the Lama Tsong Khapa 'Abbreviated Points from the Gradual Path' (Tibet: bsdus-don lam-rim ):
In Buddhism, giving charity is the beginning of one's journey towards Nirvana (Pali: nibbana ). In practice, one can give something with or without thought to Nibbana. It will lead to the belief (Pali: saddha ), a key force (Pali: bala ) that must be produced in person for the Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha.
The motives behind provide an important role in developing spiritual qualities. The suttas record various motives for generating charity. For example, Anguttara Nikaya (A.iv, 236) mentions the following eight motives:
- Asajja danam deti: one gives with annoyance, or as a way of offending the recipient, or with the insulting idea.
- Bhaya danam deti: fear can also motivate someone to make offerings.
- My adulation is a hoax: someone rewards the help done for himself in the past.
- My dassati ti danam deti: someone can also give in the hope of getting the same good for himself in the future.
- Sadhu danan ti danam deti: one giving because giving is considered good.
- Aham pacami, ime ne pacanti, na directionami pacanto apacantanam adatun ti danam deti: "I cook, they do not cook, it's not right for me to cook not to give to those who do not cook." Some give a boost to the altruistic motive.
- My priest danam dadato kalyano kittisaddo abbhuggacchati ti danam deti: some give alms to get a good reputation.
- Cittalankara-cittaparikkarattham danam deti: there is still a giving alms to decorate and beautify the mind.
Menurut kanon Pali:
Of all the gifts [alms], the gift of the Dhamma is supreme.
Christianity
Giving alms is a charitable act for the less fortunate. In the time of the apostles, Christians were taught that giving alms was the first expression of love that God revealed to them in the sense that Jesus sacrificed himself as an act of love for the salvation of believers. This offering is a traditional moment in the Roman Catholic Mass, the Anglican Eucharist, and the Divine Lutheran Service when it is collected. Some Protestant groups, such as Baptists or Methodists, are also involved in alms, though more often referred to as "tithes and offerings" by the church. Some fellows practice giving regularly for special purposes called Love Bidding for the poor, poor or disaster victims to lose such as home fires or medical expenses. Traditionally, Deacons and deacons are responsible for sharing these gifts among widows, orphans, and others in need. Many Christians support most charitable organizations that do not all claim Christian affiliation. Many American Educational and Medical Institutions were founded by Christian fellowship that gave alms.
In the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Eastern Catholic Church, the collection of alms and tithes has not been officially united with offerings in any liturgical action. However, either having a collection plate at narthex or passing it secretly during service is not uncommon. In Orthodox theology, alms is an important part of the spiritual life, and fasting must always be accompanied by increased prayer and alms. Alms in the name of the deceased also often accompanies the prayer for the dead. Those whose financial circumstances do not permit monetary almsgiving can give alms by other means, such as intercessory prayer and merciful action.
In most forms of Christian worship and denominations, a collection of "tithes and offerings" is given to support the church's mission, budget, service, and for its assistance to the poor, as an important act of Christian charity, united for common prayer. In some churches, "offering plates" or "offer baskets" are placed on the altar, as a sign that offerings are made for God, and a sign of the bond of Christian love. Moreover, private acts, considered virtuous only if not done for others to be admired, are seen as a Christian's duty.
Be careful not to do your 'act of truth' in front of others, to be seen by them. If you do, you will not get the reward from your Father in heaven.
Giving charity from within and inner:
Here Jesus puts a major focus on the motives behind such acts, which should be love.
Instead, give alms what's inside, and then everything will be clean for you!
Giving the rich versus the poor:
Here Jesus distinguishes the gift of the rich and the poor
He looked up and saw the rich put their prize into the treasury. And He saw a poor widow put two small copper coins. And He said, 'Verily I say unto you, this poor widow put more than all of them; because they are all out of the surplus they put into the offering; but he's out of poverty, putting everything he has to live on. '
Giving Love instead of not on duty:
He will answer, 'I say honestly to you, whatever you do not do for one of these smallest, you do not do it for me.'
Hinduism
D? Na (Sanskrit: ???) is an ancient concept of giving alms to the Vedic age of Hinduism. The word for charity in the Vedic literature is Bhiksha (??????). Rgveda has the earliest discussion on d? Na in the Vedas and offer a reason for the giving of alms.
The early Upanishads, compiled before the year 500 BC, also discussed the virtue of alms. Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, in verse 5.2.3 for example, states that the three characteristics of a good person, advanced is self-control (damah), compassion or love for all life (power), and charity (d? Na). Chandogya Upanishad, Book III, alike, states that virtuous life requires: tapas (meditation, hermitage), d? Na (charity), arjava (frankness, non-hypocrisy), ahimsa (non-violence, not hurt all sentient beings) and satyavacana (truth).
Bhagavad Gita explains the true and false form of d? Na in verses 17.20 to 17.22. The Adi Parva of the Hindu Epic Mahabharata , in Chapter 91, states that one must first acquire wealth in an honest way, then start a charity; be kind to those who come to him; never causing pain to any living thing; and share the portion with whatever other people he consumes. In Vana Parva, Chapter 194, the Mahabharata recommends that one should, "conquer intent with charity, which is not true to righteousness, evil by forgiveness, and dishonesty with honesty." The Bhagavata Purana discusses when d? Na is just right and when it is not right. In Book 8, Chapter 19, verse 36 it states that charity is not appropriate to endanger and paralyze the simple livelihood of a person's biological dependence or one's own. The charity of the above income excess necessary for simple living is recommended in Purana.
D 'na has been defined in traditional texts as an act of relinquishing ownership of what is considered or identified as his own, and investing it equally in the recipient without expecting any reward. Although usually given to one person or family, Hinduism also discusses a charity or gift intended for the public interest, sometimes called utsarga . It aims at major projects such as building a vacation home, school, drinking water or irrigation well, planting trees, and building maintenance facilities among others.
Ab? Ray ?? n al-b'r? N?, The 11th century Persian historian, who visited and lived in India for 16 years from around 1017 AD, mentions the practice of charity and charity among Hindus as he observes during his stay. He wrote, "It is mandatory for them (Hindus) every day to give as much charity as possible."
After taxes, there are different opinions on how to spend their income. Some people determine one-nine for charity. Others divide this income (after taxes) into four parts. The fourth is destined for the general expenditure, the second for the liberal work of noble mind, the third to charity, and the fourth to be kept as a reserve.
Giving alms is held as a noble act in Hinduism, which must be done without expecting the return of those who receive charity. Some of the reasons for the text, referring to the nature of social life, that charity is a form of good karma that affects the circumstances and the future environment of a person, and that good charity leads to a good future life because of the principle of reciprocity. Other Hindu texts, such as Vyasa Samhita , state that reciprocity may be innate in human nature and social functions but d? Na is a virtue in itself, for doing good carries up the nature of the one who gives. The texts do not recommend a charity for improper recipients or where a charity may harm or encourage an injury or by a recipient. Thus, it is an action of dharma, requiring an idealistic-normative approach, and having a spiritual and philosophical context. Some medieval writers claim that d? Na is best done with shraddha (belief), defined as in goodwill, cheerful, welcoming charity receiver and giving without anasuya (finding fault in receiver). These Hinduism scholars, Kohler says, suggest that charity is most effective when done with pleasure, a sense of "unquestionable hospitality", where d? Na ignores short-term shortcomings as well as the circumstances of the recipient and takes a long-term view.
Satrams , also called Dharamsala or Chathrams in parts of India, has become one of the ways of giving alms in Hinduism. Satrams is a shelter (vacation home) for travelers and the poor, with plenty of free water and food. These are usually erected along the road connecting the main Hindu temple sites in southern Asia, as well as near the great temples.
Hindu temples have functioned as an institution to give alms. The d? Na temples received from Hindus are used to feed people in distress and fund public projects such as irrigation and land reclamation. Other forms of giving alms in Hinduism include donating means of economic activity and food sources. For example, Go D? Na (donation of a cow), Bhu D? Na (????) (land donation), and Vidya D? Na or J? Ana D? Na (???????????????): a gift of knowledge and skill, Aushadh? D? Na : Charity of care for the sick and diseased, Abhay D? Na : Giving freedom from fear (asylum, protection to someone who is facing injury in the near future), and Anna D? na (???????): Giving food to the poor, needy and all visitors. Between feeding and giving knowledge, Hindu texts show that the gift of knowledge is higher.
See also
- Bhiksha
- Freegan
- Mendicant
- Meshulach
- Qard al-Hassan
Note
References
Bibliography
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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