Enoch ( ) is a character from the ancient period in the Hebrew Bible. Enoch was the son of Jared and his father Methuselah. This Enoch did not become confused with the son of Cain, Enoch ( Genesis 4:17 ).
The text of Genesis says Enoch lived 365 years before he was taken by God. The text reads that Enoch walked with God: and he no longer exists, for God took him (Genesis 5: 21-24), which some Christians interpret as Enoch who enters Heaven alive.
Enoch is the subject of many Jewish and Christian traditions. He is considered the author of the book The Book of Enoch and is also called Enoch, the scribe. The Christian New Testament has three references to Enoch of the lineage of Seth (Lk 3:37, Hebrews 11: 5, Jude 1: 14-15).
Video Enoch (ancestor of Noah)
Enoch in the Book of Genesis
Enoch appears in the Book of Genesis Pentateuch as the seventh of the ten pre-Destructible Patriarchs. The incident tells us that each of the pre-Flood Patriarchs lived for centuries. Genesis 5 provides genealogy from these ten figures (from Adam to Noah), providing the age at which each father becomes the next, and the age of each figure at the time of death. Enoch is considered by many as an exception, which is said to be "not seeing death" ( Hebrews 11: 5 ). Furthermore, Genesis 5: 22-29 states that Henokh lives 365 years, which is very short in the context of his friends, all of which are recorded dead at more than 700 years. A brief note of Enoch in Genesis 5 ends with a secret note that "he did not not; because God took him."
Maps Enoch (ancestor of Noah)
Apocrypha from Enoch
Three broad apocryphal works were associated with Enoch:
- The 1st Enoch book, or only the Book of Enoch, written in Ge'ez (Ethiopia), was first brought to Europe by James Bruce and translated in English by August Dillmann and Reverent Schoode - recognized by Ethiopia Orthodox Bible and is usually dated between the 3rd century BC and first century AD.
- Enoch's Enoch's Enoch or Enoch's Book, written in Old Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian, and other slav languages, first translated in English by William Morfill - usually dates from the first century AD.
- The 3rd book of Enoch, the Rabbinic text in Hebrew is usually dated to the fifth century.
It tells how Enoch was raised to Heaven and appointed as the guardian of all celestial treasures, the head of an angel, and servant immediately on the throne of God. He was then taught all the secrets and mysteries and, with all the angels on his back, fulfilling his own wishes whatever came out of the mouth of God, executing His decree. Much of the esoteric literature such as the 3rd Book of Enoch identifies Enoch as Metatron, the angel who communicates the word of God. Therefore, Enoch was seen, by this lecturer, and Rabbinic kabbala of Jewish mysticism, as one who communicated the revelation of God to Moses, in particular, the dictator of the Book of Jubilee.
Enoch in the Giant Book
The Book of Giants is a pseudopigraphic Jewish work from the 3rd century BC and resembles the Book of Enoch. At least six and as many as eleven copies were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls collection.
Septuagint
The third century BC translator who produced the Greek Septuagint translates the phrase "God takes him" with the Greek verb metatithemi (?????????)) which means moving from one place to another. Sirach 44:16, from about the same period, states that "Enoch pleases God and is translated into heaven so that he can give repentance to the nations." The Greek word used here for heaven, 'paradeisos' (?????????), comes from an ancient Persian word meaning "enclosed garden", and is used in the Septuagint to describe the garden of Eden. However, later, the term became synonymous to heaven, as it does here.
Enoch in classical Rabbinical literature
In the classical Rabbinic literature, there are various views of Enoch. One view of Enoch is found in the Targum of Pseudo-Jonathan, who regarded Enoch as a pious man, taken to Heaven, and received the title of Safra rabba ( the Great Writer ). After Christianity completely separated from Judaism, this view became a rabbinical idea of ​​the character and exaltation of Enoch.
According to Rashi [from Genesis Rabba], "Enoch is a godly man, but he can easily be shaken to return to evil. Therefore, the Holy, praised Him, hurried and carried him away and caused him to die before him. For this reason, the Book Holy change [the words] in his [record of] devastation and writes, 'and he is no longer' in the world to finish the years of his life. "
Among the small Midrashim, Enoch's esoteric attributes were expanded. In Sehat Hekalot, Rabbi Ishmael is depicted to have visited the Seventh Heaven, where he met Enoch, who claimed that the earth, in his time, had been destroyed by Shammazai's demon, and Azazel, and so on. Enoch was taken to Heaven to prove that God is not cruel. A similar tradition is recorded in Sirach. Then the explanation of this interpretation treats Enoch as a pious hermit, who, called to associate with others, preaches repentance, and gathers (though there are a small number of people on Earth) a large group of disciples, insofar as he proclaims the king. Under his wisdom, peace is said to have reigned on earth, insofar as he is called to Heaven to rule over the children of God.
No rabbinical source or textual Torah depicts Enoch while flying.
Enoch in Christianity
New Testament
The New Testament contains three references to Enoch.
- The first is a brief mention in one of Jesus' ancestral genealogy by Luke (Luke 3:37).
- The second mention is in Hebrews 11: 5 (KJV) which says, "By faith Enoch has been translated that he can not see death, and is not found, for God has translated it: for before his translation he had this witness, God. "This shows that he did not experience mortal deaths that are thought to have originated from other Adamic descendants consistent with Genesis 5:24 (KJV), who says," And Enoch walked with God: and he was not not;. "
- The third mention is in Surah Jude (1: 14-15) in which the author associates it with "Enoch, the Seventh from Adam" a passage not found in the Catholic and Protestant canons of the Old Testament. This quote is believed by most modern scholars to be taken from 1 Enoch 1: 9 in Greek, in Ge'ez (as part of the Ethiopian Orthodox canon), and also in Aramaic among the Dead Sea Scrolls. Although the same scholars acknowledge that 1 Enoch 1: 9 itself is a midrash of the words of Moses "he came from ten thousand saints" from Deuteronomy 33: 2.
The preface of "Enoch, the Seventh of Adam" is also found in 1 Enoch (1 En 60: 8), although not in the Old Testament. In the New Testament Enoch prophesies "to" the ungodly, that God will come with His saints to judge and punish them (Jude 1: 14-15).
Early Christianity
Early Christianity contained various traditions regarding the "translation" of Enoch.
Regarding the quotation in Jude, much of early Christianity regarded it as an independent quote that preceded the flood dating. Regarding the Book of Enoch himself Origen, Jerome and Augustine mention it, but have no authority. Justin, Athenagoras, Irenaeus, Clemens Alexandrinus, Lactantius, and others borrowed the opinion of this Enoch book, that angels have sexual relations with male children, of whom they have offspring ('giants of the past'). Tertullian, in some places, talks about this book with dignity and will convince us that it was preserved by Noah during the flood.
The Middle Ages and Reform
According to Figurist (a group of Jesuit missionaries led mainly by Joachim Bouvet to China at the end of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries and based on the ideas of Matteo Ricci 1552 to 1610), Fu Xi in ancient Chinese history was actually Enoch.
Modern Christianity
Enoch was not counted as a saint in the Roman Catholic tradition, although Enoch had a holy day, July 26, in the Armenian Apostolic Church. The "St. Henokh" in the name of St Enoch's Square, Glasgow, is a corruption of the medieval chapel site to Saint Teneu, the legendary mother of Saint Mungo, and unrelated to Enoch.
Enoch was respected in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, and the texts of Enoch Jubileum and 1 Enoch were regarded as the 13th and 14th books, respectively, of the canon of the Old Testament of Tewahedo. Most churches, including the Catholic Church, Greek Orthodox, and Protestant, do not accept the books.
Some Church Fathers, like St. John of Damascus, as well as some modern evangelical commentators consider Enoch to be one of the Two Witnesses in the Book of Revelation because of the fact that he did not die according to Genesis 5:24. Two televangelists holding on to this view, for example, are Christian Father John Hagee for Israeli Bible teacher and Hebrew Roots Perry Stone.
In LDS theology
Among Latter-day Saint movements and especially in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Enoch is seen to have built a very pious city, named Zion, in the midst of an evil world. This view is encountered in the Mormon scriptures (see Standard Works), the Pearl of Great Price and Doctrine and Covenants, which states that not only Enoch, but the entire nation in the city of Zion, is released from this earth without death, because of their righteousness. (Zion is defined as "the pure in heart" and the city of Zion will return to earth on the Second Coming of Jesus Christ.) Further Doctrine and Covenants state that Enoch prophesied that one of his descendants, Noah, and his family, would survive the Flood and then continue the human race and preserve the Scriptures. The Book of Moses in the Pearl of Great Price has several chapters which give an explanation of the discourses, visions, and conversations of Enoch with God. In these same chapters there are details of the wars, violence and natural disasters of Enoch's time, and the miracles performed by Enoch. The Book of Moses itself is a quote from Joseph Smith's translation of the Bible, which is fully published, complete with these chapters on Enoch, by the Community of Christ, as Scripture/Inspired Bible Version, in which it appears as part of the Book of Genesis. A & PC: 104: 24 (CofC) 107: 48-49 (LDS) states that Adam ordained Enoch to the higher priesthood (now called Melchizedek, after the great high priest) at the age of 25 , that he was 65 when Adam blessed him, and he lived 365 years after that until he was translated, so it made him 430 years old when it happened.
Moreover, in LDS theology, Enoch indirectly became the scribe who recorded the blessing and prophecy of Adam in Adam-ondi-Ahman, as recorded in D & amp; C 107: 53-57 (LDS)/D & amp; 104: 29b (CofC).
Enoch in Islam
In Islam, Enoch (Arabic: ???????? ?, translit.Ã, 'Akhn? Kh [generally in Islamic literature]: ' Idr? s ?????????) is identified with Idris, as for example by Al-Tabari History intrepretation and Meadows of Gold . The Quran contains two references to Idris; in Surah Al-Anbiya (The Prophets) verse number 85, and in Surah Maryam (Mary) verses 56-57:
- ( The Prophets , 21:85): "And the same blessings were given to Ishmael and Idris and Zul-Kifl, for they all practiced steadfastness."
- ( Mary 19: 56-57): "And remember Idris in the Book, he is very honest, a Prophet, and We lift him to a high station".
Idris is closely related in the Muslim tradition with the origins of writing and the art of other technical civilizations, including the study of astronomical phenomena, both of which are called Henoch in the Abrahamic Covenant. Nevertheless, although some Muslims view Enoch and Idris as the same prophet while others do not, many Muslims still honor Enoch as one of the earliest prophets, regardless of which view they hold.
See also
- Adam and Eve (LDS Church)
- Entering the living heaven
- Metatron
Note
References
External links
- The descendants of Adam, the Legacy of Cloth, Elijah of Life and Enoch
- Catholic Encyclopedia Henoch (1914)
- The writings of Andrei A. Orlov on 2 Enoch: Enoch as the Heavenly Priest , Enoch as the Secret Expert , Enoch as Scribe and > Enoch as Mediator
- Ed. Philip P. Wiener Historical Dictionary : Cosmic Voyages (1973)
- Dr. Reed C. Durham, Jr. Comparison of Masonic legends from the description of the book of Enoch and Mormon on Enoch (1974)
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