Fishing is a fishing practice. This is a pre-historic practice that begins at least 40,000 years. Since the 16th century fishing vessels have been able to cross the ocean in the pursuit of fish and since the 19th century it has been possible to use larger vessels and in some cases process fish on board. Fish are usually caught in the wild. Techniques for catching fish include hand collection, spear, net, fishing and trapping.
The term fishing can be applied to catch other aquatic animals such as shells, squid, crustaceans, and echinoderms. The term is not usually applied to catch water mammals, such as whales, where the term whaling is more appropriate, or for fish cultivated. In addition to providing food, modern fishing is also a recreational sport.
According to FAO statistics, the total number of fishers and fish farmers is estimated at 38 million. Fisheries and aquaculture provide direct and indirect employment to over 500 million people. In 2005, worldwide per capita fish consumption captured from wild fisheries was 14.4 kilograms, with an additional 7.4 kilograms harvested from fish farms.
Video History of fishing
Prehistoric
Fishing is an ancient practice derived from at least the Upper Paleolithic period that began about 40,000 years ago. Analysis of isotopes of human skeletal remains of Tianyuan, a modern man of 40,000 years old from East Asia, has shown that he regularly consumes freshwater fish. Archaeological features such as middens shells, discarded fish bones and cave paintings show that seafood is essential for survival and consumed in significant quantities. During this period, most people live a hunter-gatherer lifestyle and, as a necessity, keep moving. However, where there are early examples of permanent (though not necessarily permanently occupied) settlements such as in Lepenski Vir, they are almost always associated with fishing as the main source of food.
Spearfishing with spiked poles (spears) is widespread in the palaeolytic age. Cosquer Cave in Southern France has an art cave more than 16,000 years old, including seals that seem to have been stoned.
Neolithic culture and technology spread all over the world between 4,000 and 8,000 years ago. With the new technology of farming and pottery came the basic form of the main fishing method still in use today.
From 7500 to 3000 years ago, Native Americans on the coast of California were found to be involved in fishing with hook canyons and tackle lines. In addition, some tribes are known to have used plant poison to cause suspended animation in river fish to allow for their capture.
Copper spears are known by Harappans sailors all the way back to ancient times. Early hunters in India include the Mincopie people, native of Andaman and Nicobar islands in India, who have used spears with long straps for early fishing.
Maps History of fishing
Initial history
The ancient Nile is full of fish; Fresh and dried fish is the staple food for most of the population. The Egyptians discovered various tools and methods for fishing and this is clearly depicted in pictures of tombs, pictures, and papyrus documents. Simple reed boats are served for fishing. Woven nets, bucket baskets made from willow branches, spears and hooks and lines (hooks that are between eight millimeters and eighteen centimeters) are all used. In the 12th dynasty, metal hooks with thorns were used. As is quite common today, the fish were beaten to death after being arrested. Nile perched, catfish and eels including the most important fish. Some statements suggest fishing is done as a hobby.
There are many references to fishing in ancient literature; in many cases, however, the description of nets and fishing gear does not explain in detail, and the equipment is described in generic terms. Early Example of the Bible in Job 41: 7: Can you fill his skin with the iron thorns? or his head with a fish spear?
Unlike in Minoan culture, fishing scenes are rarely represented in ancient Greek culture, a reflection of the low social status of fishermen. There is a cup of wine, coming from c. 500 BC, showing a boy squatting on a rock with a fishing pole in his right hand and a basket to his left. In the water below there is a round object of the same material with an opening on it. It has been identified as a fish cage used for storing live fish, or as a fish trap. This is definitely not a net. This object is currently in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
Oppian of Corycus, a Greek author, wrote a major treatise on marine fishing, Halieulica or Halieutics , composed between 177 and 180. This is the earliest work to survive intact to modern day. Oppian explains the various ways of fishing including the use of webs thrown from boats, spoon webs opened by circles, spears and trident, and various traps "that function when their lord is asleep". Oppian's description of fishing with "immobile" nets is also very interesting:
- The fishermen set up very light webs of hemp and wheels floating around the circle while they roughly attacked the surface of the ocean with their oars and made a fuss with the sweeping beam of the pole. In the rattling of the oars and the sounds of the fish swayed in fear and rushed to the base of the net standing in a state of rest, thinking it was a shelter: foolish fishes, frightened by sound, entered the gates of destruction. Then the fishermen on both sides rush to the ropes to pull the beach to the edge.
The Greek historian, Polybius ( 203 BC-120 BC), in his book Histories , explains swordfish hunting by using harpoon with spiked and released head.
The pictorial evidence of Roman fishing comes from a mosaic that shows fishing from a boat with trunks and lines and nets. Various species such as conger, lobster, sea urchin, octopus and cuttlefish are illustrated. In a fishing parody, a type of gladiator called a retiarius is armed with trident and nets. He will fight the murmillo, who carries a short sword and a helmet with a fish picture on the front.
The Greco-Roman sea god Neptune is depicted using a fishing trident.
In India, Pandyas, the classical Travian Dravidian kingdom, known for its pearl fisheries in the early 1st century BC. Their port of Tuticorin is known for deep sea pearl fishing. The Paravas, a Tutamil-based Tamil caste, develop a rich community because of their pearl trade, navigation knowledge and fisheries.
In Norse mythology sea giant RÃÆ'¡n uses a fishing net to trap missing sailors.
The ancient Peruvian Moche people describe fishermen in their ceramics.
From ancient representations and literature, it is clear that fishing boats are usually small, have no masts or sail, and are only used near the shore.
In the traditional history of China, history begins with three semi-mystical and legendary people who teach the art of Chinese civilization around the year 2800-2600 BC: from Fuxi is considered the inventor of writing, hunting, trapping, and fishing.
Gillnet
Gillnets existed in antiquity as archaeological evidence from the Middle East shows. In North America, aboriginal fishermen use cedar canoes and natural fiber nets, for example, made with nettel or inner cedar bark. They will stick the stone to the bottom of the net as a weight, and wood pieces up, to be used as a buoy. This allows the net to hang straight up and down in the water. Each net will be delayed either from the beach or between two vessels. Original fishermen in the Pacific Northwest, Canada, and Alaska still often use giraffes in their fisheries for salmon and steelhead.
Both traps and setettes have also been widely adapted in cultures around the world. The age of gillnet technology is documented by a number of sources from different countries and cultures. Japanese records track the exploitation of fisheries, including gillnetting, for over 3,000 years. Many relevant details are available regarding the Edo period (1603-1867). Fisheries in the Shetland Islands, populated by Norsemen during the Viking era, share a common culture and technology with Norwegian fisheries, including gillnet fishing for herrings. Many Norwegian immigrant fishermen who came to fishing in the great Columbia River salmon fisheries during the second half of the 19th century did so because they had experience in gillnet fishing for codfish in the waters surrounding the Lofoten Islands in northern Norway. Gillnet is used as part of a seasonal round by Swedish fishermen as well. The fishermen from Wales and England were kidnapped for the Atlantic salmon on the Rivers of Wales and England in the coracle, using handmade nets, at least for several centuries. These are just a few examples of historic gillnet fisheries around the world.
Commerce code
One of the longest lasting trade histories in the world is the dry cod trade from the Lofoten region to southern Europe, Italy, Spain and Portugal. Trading cod codes started during the Viking period or earlier, has lasted for over 1000 years and is still important.
Cod has become an important economic commodity in the international market since the Viking period (around 800 AD). The Norwegians used dried cod during their journey and soon the dry cod market developed in southern Europe. This market has been going on for more than 1000 years, past the Black Death period, war and other crises and is still an important Norwegian fish trade. The Portuguese have been codfish fishing in the North Atlantic since the 15th century, and clipfish are widely eaten and appreciated in Portugal. The Basques also played an important role in cod trading and are believed to have discovered Canadian fish banks in the 16th century. The eastern coast of North America was developed in part because of the large number of codes, and many New England towns lay eggs near cod fishing areas.
Regardless of the long history of this particular trade is also different from most other fish trade with the location of the fishing area, away from the large population and without the domestic market. Large cod fisheries along the coast of northern Norway (and especially close to the Lofoten islands) have been developed almost uniquely for exports, depending on the transport of deep-sea fish in large distances. Since the introduction of salt, dry salt cod ('klippfisk' in Norwegian) has also been exported. Operation of marine trade and transport at the end of the 14th century was taken over by the Hanseatic League, Bergen became the most important trading port.
William Pitt the Elder, who criticized the Paris Treaty in Parliament, claimed that the cod was "British gold"; and it is folly to restore Newfoundland fishing rights to France. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the New World, especially in Massachusetts and Newfoundland, cod became a major commodity, forming a network of trade and cross-cultural exchanges.
Modern trawling
Early modern design
In the 15th century, Nut developed a type of shark in the sea that became a blueprint for European fishing boats. This is Herring Buss, used by Dutch herring fishers until the early 19th century. This type of vessel business has a long history. It's known about 1000 AD in Scandinavia as b? Za , a strong variant of Viking longship. The first herring fights may have been built in Hoorn around 1415. The latter was built in Vlaardingen in 1841.
The ship was about 20 meters long and shifted between 60 and 100 tons. It is a large round-ships ship with bow and stern, the latter is relatively high, and with a gallery. Buses use long gill nets to catch herring. The nets will be taken at night and the crew of eighteen to thirty will be getting ready to bite, dry and drag the catches on the wide deck. The ships sailed in a fleet of 400 to 500 ships to the Doggers Bank and Shetland islands. They are usually escorted by naval vessels, because the British consider them "hunts". The fleet will stay at sea for weeks at a time. The catch is sometimes transferred to a special vessel (called ventjagers), and taken home while the fleet is still at sea (images show ventjager in the distance).
During the 17th century, the British developed a dogger, an early type of trawler or longliner sailing vessel, which normally operates in the North Sea. Dogger takes its name from the Dutch word dogger, which means fishing boats pulling a net. Dutch trawling boats were common in the North Sea, and the word
Doggers are slow but strong, capable of fishing in rough conditions in the North Sea. Like herring herring, they are wide beamed and bowed, but much smaller, about 15 meters long, maximum rays 4.5 meters, draft 1.5 meters, and displace about 13 tons. They can carry a ton of bait, three tons of salt, a half a ton of food and firewood for the crew, and come back with six tons of fish. The front and back compressed areas may provide accommodation, storage, and cooking areas. An anchor will allow a long time fishing in the same place, in the waters up to a depth of 18 meters. Doggers will also bring a small boat to defend the line and paddle to land.
The precursor for this type of dory is an early French bateau type, flat bottom boat with a straight side used as early as 1671 on the Saint Lawrence River. The common beach boat at that time was a wherry and a merger of wherry design with a simple flat base from the bateau that produced the birth dory. Anecdotal evidence there are much older precursors throughout Europe. England, France, Italy and Belgium have small boats from the medieval period that could be considered the precursors of Dory.
Dory appeared in the fishing towns of New England sometime after the beginning of the 18th century. They are small, shallow boats, usually about five to seven meters (15 to 22 feet). Lightweight and versatile, with high sides, flat bottom and sharp bows, they are easy and inexpensive to build. The Banks dories appeared in the 1830s. They are designed to be carried by aircraft carrier and used for fishing in Grand Banks. Adapted almost directly from low freeboard, French river bateaus, with straight sides and removable gantings, dories banks can nest within each other and stored on deck of fishing boats, such as Gazela Primeiro , for travel them to the Grand Banks fishing grounds.
Modern fishing line fishing
The English Dogger was the early type of sailing ship from the 17th century, but a modern fishing trawler was developed in the 19th century, at the British fishing port of Brixham.
In the early nineteenth century, the fishermen in Brixham needed to extend their fishing grounds farther than before due to the depletion of stocks that were occurring in overlapping waters in South Devon. The evolving Brixham trawler there is a sleek building and has a high gaff rig, which gives the ship enough speed to travel long distances to the bottom of the fishing ground in the ocean. They are also powerful enough to attract large trawlers in the deep waters. The large trawler fleet built at Brixham, earned the village the title 'Mother of Deep-Sea Fisheries'.
This revolutionary design made large-scale trawlers in the sea perhaps for the first time, resulting in a massive migration of fishermen from ports in southern England, to villages in the north, such as Scarborough, Hull, Grimsby, Harwich and Yarmouth, which is the access point to the venue fishing in the Atlantic Ocean.
The small village of Grimsby grew to become 'the largest fishing port in the world' in the mid-19th century. The Parliament Act was first obtained in 1796, which allowed the construction of a new dock and dredging from Haven to make it deeper. New in 1846, with remarkable expansion in the fishing industry, the Grimsby Wharf Company was formed. The foundation stone for the Royal Dock was laid by Empress Albert the Prince in 1849. This wharf covers 25 hectares (10 acres) and was officially opened by Queen Victoria in 1854 as the first modern fishing port. This facility incorporated many innovations at the time - dock gates and cranes operated by hydraulic power, and 300 feet (91 m) Grimsby Dock Tower built to provide water heads with sufficient pressure by William Armstrong. The docks expanded steadily over the next century: No Fish Docks. 2 opened in 1877, Union Dock and Alexandra Dock in 1879; 3 Fish Dock was built in 1934. The harbor is served by a rail connection to Billingsgate Fish Market in London, which created a truly national market for Grimsby fish, which allowed it to become nationally famous.
Brixham's elegant seine trawlers are scattered all over the world, affecting fishing fleets everywhere. Their distinctive screen inspired the song Red Sails in the Sunset, written on the Brixham sailboat called Torbay Lass. By the end of the 19th century, there were over 3,000 fishing trawlers on a commission in England, with nearly 1,000 in Grimsby. This trawling vessel is sold to fishermen across Europe, including from the Netherlands and Scandinavia. Twelve trawlers continue to form the core of the German fishing fleet.
Although fishing vessels are designed increasingly gathering around the world, local conditions are still often leading the development of various types of fishing boats. The Lancashire nobby was used along the north west coast of England as a trawler of shrimp from 1840 to World War II. The Manx nobby is used around the Isle of Man as a herring drifter. Fifie is also used as a herring drifter along the east coast of Scotland from the 1850s until entering the 20th century.
The bawley and hit were used in Muara Thames and off East Anglia, while trawlers and drifters were used on the east coast. Herring began in Moray Firth in 1819. The peak of fishing in Aberdeen was in 1937 with 277 steamers, although the first diesel drifters were introduced in 1926. In 1870 paddle paddles were being used to tow luggers and hit the sea.
The emergence of steam power
The earliest steam-powered fishing vessels first appeared in the 1870s and used a trawling fishing system and floating lines and nets. This is a large boat, typically 80-90 feet (24-27 m) long with a beam of about 20 feet (6.1 m). They weigh 40-50 tons and travel on 9-11 knots (17-20 km/h; 10-13 mph).
The earliest fishing boat was designed and manufactured by David Allan at Leith in March 1875, when he converted the drifter into steam power. In 1877, he built the first screw that drives the steamers in the world. This ship is Pioneer LH854 . He is a wooden construction with two poles and brings the main rigged gaff and mizen using the boom, and one step. Pioneer was mentioned in The Shetland Times May 4, 1877. In 1878 he completed Advanced and Up , powered vapor for sale. Allan argues that his motivation for steam power is to improve the safety of fishermen. But local fishermen see the power of trawling as a threat. Allan built a total of ten ships at Leith between 1877 and 1881. Twenty-one boats were completed at Granton, the last ship was Degrave in 1886. Most of them were sold to foreign owners in France, Belgium. , Spain and the West Indies.
The first steam boats were made of wood, but the steel hulls were soon introduced and split into a watertight compartment. They are well designed for crew with large buildings containing steering and deck space. The boats built in the 20th century have only a mizzen screen, which is used to help stabilize the boat when the net comes out. The main function of the pole is now as a crane for lifting catches to land. It also has a steam roller on the front deck near the pole to transport the nets. The boats have narrow, high corridors so that steam and thick coal smoke are released high above the deck and away from the fishermen. These funnels are nicknamed woodbines because they look like popular cigarette brands. These boats consisted of twelve crew members consisting of a skipper, driver, firefighter (to keep the boiler) and nine deck hand.
Steamers have many advantages. They are usually about 20 feet longer (6.1 m) than the sailboat so they can bring more nets and catch more fish. This is important, as the market grew at the beginning of the 20th century. They can travel faster and farther and with greater freedom from weather, wind and tide. Because less time is spent traveling to and from the fishing area, more time can be spent on fishing. Steamers also get the highest price for their fish, because they can return quickly to the harbor with their fresh catch. The main disadvantage of steamers, though, is their high operating costs. Their machines are mechanically inefficient and spend a lot of space, while fuel costs and installation are very high. Before the First World War, the cost of building was between Ã, £ 3,000 and Ã,  £ 4,000, at least three times the cost of a sailboat. To cover these high costs, they need to be fishing for longer seasons. Higher costs mean that more steam drift is owned by the company or owned jointly. When the herring fishery industry declines, steamers become too expensive.
Steam trawlers were introduced in Grimsby and Hull in the 1880s. In 1890, there were an estimated 20,000 people in the North Sea. Steam drifter was not used in the herring fishery until 1897. The last sailing fishing vessel was built in 1925 in Grimsby.
Further development
The trawl design was adapted because of the way they were empowered to change from sailing to coal-fired steam by World War I to diesel and turbines at the end of World War II.
During the Second World War, many fishing trawlers were assigned as seine trawlers. Fish trawlers are perfect for many naval needs as they are powerful boats designed to work with heavy trawlers in all types of weather and have a clear and large work deck. One can make a mine sweep just by replacing the trawl with a sweep of a mine. Added the depth load rack on the deck, below ASDIC, and 3 inch (76 mm) or 4 inch (102 mm) shotgun in an arc equipped with trawlers for anti-submarine tasks.
The Royal Navy ordered many seine trawlers for the Admiralty specification. Shipyards like the Smiths Dock Company used to make fishing trawlers can easily switch to making the naval version. As a bonus, Admiralty was able to sell these trawlers for commercial fishing purposes when the war ended. However, many were drowned during the war, such as HMT Amethyst and HMT Force .
Armed trawlers are also used to defend fishing groups from enemy aircraft or submarines. The smallest civil trawlers are converted into danlayers.
In 1931, the first powered drums were invented by Laurie Jarelainen. The drum is a circular device that is set to the side of the boat and will pull the nets. The powerful drum allows the web to be pulled faster, so fishermen can catch fish in areas they were previously unable to enter, thus revolutionizing the fishing industry.
During World War II, navigation and communication devices, as well as various forms of other maritime equipment (sound and radar depth) were improved and made more succinct. These devices become much more accessible to the average fisherman, thus making their reach and mobility greater. This also makes the industry more competitive, as fishermen are forced to invest more into their vessels, equipped with electronic aids, such as radio navigation aids and fish finders. During the Cold War, some countries installed trawlers with additional electronic equipment so they could be used as spy ships to monitor the activities of other countries.
The first trawl is fishing on the side, instead of above the stern. In 1947, the Christian Salvesen company, based in Leith, Scotland, installed an Algerine surplus - a class sweeper class (HMS Felicity ) with cooling equipment and a factory ship on the slopes , to produce the first mixed freezer/stern mixer machine in 1947.
The first goal of building a hard trawler is the Fairtry built in 1953 in Aberdeen. The ship was much larger than the other trawlers which later operated and inaugurated the era of the 'super trawler'. As the ship pulled its net over the stern, it could lift a much larger distance to 60 tons. Lord Nelson followed in 1961, fitted with a vertical plate freezer that has been researched and built at the Torry Research Station. These ships serve as a basis for the expansion of 'super sailing ships' around the world in the next few decades.
The introduction of fine synthetic fibers such as nylon in the construction of fishing gear during the 1960s marks an expansion in commercial use of gillnets. New materials are cheaper and easier to handle, last longer and require less maintenance than natural fibers. In addition, fibers such as nylon monofilament become almost invisible in water, so nets made with synthetic yarns generally catch more fish than natural fiber nets used in comparable situations. Due to environmental concerns, the gillnets were banned by the UN in 1993 in international waters, although its use was still permitted within 200 nautical miles (400 km) of a coast.
Fishing recreation
The initial evolution of fishing as recreation is not clear. For example, there is anecdotal evidence for fishing in Japan in the early ninth century BC, and in Europe Claudius Aelianus (175-235 CE) describes fishing in his work on the Animal World.
But for the early Japanese and Macedonians, fishing is a way of survival, not recreation. It is possible that recreational fishing antecedents arrived in England with the conquest of Norman 1066. Although the point in history where fishing first can be said recreation is unclear, it is clear that recreational fishing has entirely arrived with The Compleat Angler's publication.
Origins
The earliest English essay on recreational fishing was published in 1496, shortly after the invention of the printing press. The writing is attributed to Dame Juliana Berners, the prioress of the Soped Benedictine nuns. The essay was titled Treaty of Fysshynge with an Angle , and published in both Boke of Saint Albans, a treatise on hawking, hunting, and emblem. This is the vested interests of the nobility, and the publisher, Wynkyn de Worde, is concerned that the book should be guarded from those who are not men, because their helplessness in fishing may "really destroy it".
During the 16th century the work was widely read, and reprinted many times. Treatyse includes detailed information on fishing waters, rod and line construction, and use of natural baits and artificial flies. It also includes modern concerns about conservation and fisherman etiquette.
The early English poetry treatise on Angling by John Dennys, said to have been Shakespeare's fishing buddy, was published in 1613, The Secrets of Angling . The footnotes of the work, written by the Dennys editor, William Lawson, make the first mention of the phrase to 'flies': "The trout provides the most polite and most prepared sport of all, if you are fishing with an artificial fly, a line twice the length of the stem You are of three hair thicknesses... and if you have studied the flies. "
The art of fly fishing took a big leap forward after the British Civil War, where a newfound interest in the activity left a trail on the many books and treatises written on the subject at the time. The famous officer in the Parliamentary army, Robert Venables, published in 1662 The Experienced Angler, or Angling improved, became a common fishing discourse, instilled many of the most appropriate ways and experiments were chosen to take most types of fish in ponds or rivers . Another enthusiastic Civil War veteran for fishing, is Richard Franck. He is the first to describe salmon in Scotland, and both in that and fishing for trout with his manmade flies is a practical fisherman. He was the first angler to name the burbot, and praised the salmon on the Thames.
Complete Angler was written by Izaak Walton in 1653 (though Walton continued to add it for a quarter of a century) and described the fishing in Derbyshire Wye. It is a celebration of art and the spirit of fishing in the form of prose and poetry; 6 verses quoted from John Dennys earlier. The second part of the book was added by Walton's friend, Charles Cotton.
Walton does not claim to be an expert with fish flies; fishing fly in the first edition was donated by Thomas Barker, a retired chef and a humorist, who produced his own treatise in 1659; but in the use of live worms, grasshoppers and frogs "Piscator" themselves can speak as masters. The famous part about frogs, often misquoted as about worms - "use him as if you loved him, that is, hurt him as little as possible, that he can live longer" - appeared in his original edition. The addition of cotton completed the instruction in fly fishing and was suggested in the manufacture of an artificial fly in which he enrolled sixty-five varieties.
Charles Kirby designed an improved fishing hook in 1655 that is relatively unchanged to this day. He went on to create a Kirby bend, a typical hook with an offset point, still commonly used today.
Development
The 18th century is primarily an era of consolidated techniques developed in the previous century. Running rings begin to appear along the line, which gives the anglers greater control over the plaster line. The wand itself is also becoming increasingly sophisticated and specialized for different roles. Joint trunks became common from mid-century and bamboo was used for the top of the stem, giving it much greater strength and flexibility.
The industry has also become commercialized - rods and tackles sold in men's clothing stores. After the Great Fire of London in 1666, craftsmen moved to Redditch which became the center of production of fishery-related products from the 1730s. Onesimus Ustonson founded his trading shop in 1761, and his founding remained as the market leader for the next century. He received the Kingdom Order and became the official supplier of fishing for three successive kings that began with King George IV during this period.
Some people praised Onesimus with the discovery of winch multiplication, though he is certainly the first to advertise his sales. The initial multiplier rolls are wide and have small diameter, and their gears, made of brass, are often damaged after extensive use. His first commercial was in the form of a trading card date of 1768 and was titled For all fishing lovers . A complete list of texts it sells includes artificial flies, and 'the best type of brass crane that doubles both the stop and the ordinary'. Industrial commercialization comes at a time when an expanded interest in fishing as a recreational hobby for aristocratic members.
The impact of the Industrial Revolution was first felt in the manufacture of the flying path. Instead of anglers turning their own paths - a tiring and time-consuming process - new textile spinning machines allow a wide variety of tapered to be easily made and marketed.
Fly-fishing Britain continued to flourish in the 19th century, with the advent of fishing clubs, along with the emergence of several books on flying and fishing techniques.
Alfred Ronalds takes sport fishing, learning crafts on the Trent, Blythe and Dove rivers. On the Blythe River, near the place now called Creswell Green, Ronalds built a riverside fishing hut designed primarily as an observation of trout behavior in rivers. From this hut, and elsewhere in his native river, Ronalds experimented and formulated the ideas that were finally published in The Entomology of Lovers-Fishing in 1836.
He combines his knowledge of fishing with his skills as a carver and a printer, to smother his work with 20 color plates. This is the first comprehensive work related to entomology associated with fly fishing and most of the fly historians lure Ronalds credits by setting a literary standard in 1836 which is still followed today. Describing the method, technique, and most importantly, the artificial fly, in a mean way for the angler and illustrating it in color is the method of presentation that can be seen in most of the literature on fly fishing at this time.
The book is mostly about water insects - dragonfly, caddisflies and stoneflies - that trout and grayling eat and imitate imitations. About half the books are devoted to trout observations, their behavior, and the methods and techniques used to catch them. Much of this information, though enhanced by Ronalds' experience and observation, is only an increase from Charles Bowlker Art of Angling (first published in 1774 but still in print in 1836).
In Chapter IV - From Insect Selection, and Its Feint, Used in Fishing Fishing - for the first time discussed certain artificial imitation imitations by name, related to the corresponding natural insects. Hosted by the month of their appearance, Ronalds is the first author to begin standardizing the angler name for an artificial fly. Before Entomology Lovers-Fishing , anglers have been given suggestions for artificial flies for use on certain rivers or at certain times of the year, but the suggestions never matched certain natural insects. anglers may meet in the water. According to Ernest Schwiebert: "Ronalds is one of the major milestones in the entire fishing line, and with his Entomology, the scientific method has reached the full flower's inclination." Ronalds is completely original in its contents and research, benchmark for all subsequent discussions and illustrations of the hatching of the aquatic fly.
Technology upgrade
Modern roll designs had begun in England during the later part of the 18th century, and the dominant model used was known as the 'Nottingham reel'. The roll is a wide drum thrown freely, and is ideal for allowing bait to float along the exit with current. The embedded double scrolls were never captured in England, but more successful in the United States, where a similar model was modified by George Snyder of Kentucky into the bait-casting reel, the first American-made design in 1810.
The material used for the rod itself changed from the original heavy wood to the UK, becoming lighter and more elastic varieties imported from abroad, mainly from South America and the West Indies. Bamboo sticks became the preferred choice from the mid-19th century, and some strips of material were cut from sticks, milled into shapes, and then glued to form light, strong, hexagonal rods with a solid core that was superior to anything. which precedes them. George Cotton and his predecessors lure their flies with long stems, and the light lines allow the wind to do most of the work of getting flies into the fish.
Tackle design began to improve from the 1880s. The introduction of new wood for the manufacture of flying rods makes it possible to throw flies into the wind on silk lines, not horse hair. These lines allow for a much larger casting distance. However, this initial fly line proved troublesome because it had to be coated with various bandages to make it float and had to be removed from the reels and dried every four hours or so to prevent it from getting soaking wet. Another negative consequence is that it becomes easier for longer lines to get into the tangle - this is called 'tangle' in Britain, and 'counterattack' in the US. This problem spurred the regulator's discovery to evenly roll out the outline and prevent tangles.
America, Charles F. Orvis, designed and distributed the new roll and fly designs in 1874, described by the Jim Brown reel historian as "the benchmark of American roll design," and the first fully modern flying reel. The Orvis Company's establishment helps institute fly fishing by supplying fishing equipment through its catalog circulation, distributed to a small but loyal list of customers.
Albert Illingworth, 1st Baron Illingworth, a textile king, patented the modern form of spinning spool fixed reel in 1905. When casting the design of Illingworth's scrolls, the line was pulled from the leading edge of the coil, but was retained and pulled back by a pickup line, a device that orbits around stationary spool. Because the line does not have to hold the spinning reel, many lighter feeds can be thrown than with conventional rolls.
Expansion
In the mid to late 19th century, expanding recreational opportunities for the middle and lower classes began to have an effect on fly fishing, which continues to grow in mass appeal. The expansion of the rail network in the UK allows the less affluent people for the first time to travel on weekends to the beach or to the river for fishing. Richer fans traveled further abroad. The great rivers of Norway full of large salmon stocks began to attract large numbers of British fishermen in the middle of this century - The Jones Guide to Norway, and the salmon-fisher fisherman , published in 1848, written by Frederic Tolfrey and is a popular guide for the country.
In the south of England, dry-bait fishing gained an elitist reputation as the only acceptable method for luring slower, clearer rivers in the south such as the Test River and other lime streams concentrated in Hampshire, Surrey, Dorset and Berkshire ( see South Indian Lime Formation for geological specifications). Weeds found in these rivers tend to grow very close to the surface, and it is felt necessary to develop new techniques that will keep flies and lines on the surface of the river. This is the basis of all dry-fly developments later on.
However, nothing can prevent the success of the wet fly on this lime stream, because G. E. Skues is proven by fly fly and dolphin techniques. For dry-fly puritan horror, Skues later wrote two books, the Minor Tactics of Chalk Stream, and The Way of a Trout with a Fly, which greatly influenced the development of wet fly fish. In northern England and Scotland, many anglers also love wet fishing, where the technique is more popular and widely practiced than in southern England. One of Scotland's leading supporters of the wet fly in the early 19th century was W. C. Stewart, who published "The Practical Angler" in 1857.
In the United States, attitudes toward fishing methods are almost rigidly defined, and both dry and wet catches are quickly adapted to state conditions. Anglers who fly there, are considered the first anglers to use artificial bait for bass fishing. After depressing to the fly and coping service designed for trout and salmon to catch largemouth and smallmouth bass, they began adjusting these patterns to certain bass flies. Fly anglers are looking for bass to develop spinner/fly lure and bass popper fly, which is still used today.
At the end of the 19th century, American anglers, such as Theodore Gordon, in the Catskill Mountains in New York began using fly catchers to lure river-rich trout rivers such as Beaverkill and Willowemoc Creek. Many of these early American flyflies also developed new flying patterns and wrote extensively about their sport, increasing the popularity of fishing in the region and in the United States as a whole. Albert Bigelow Paine, a New England writer, writes about fishing at The Tent Dwellers, a book about a three-week trip that he and a friend brought to Central Nova Scotia in 1908.
Participation in fly fishing reached its peak in the early 1920s in the eastern states of Maine and Vermont and in the Midwest in the spring of the Wisconsin river. Together with deep-sea fishing, Ernest Hemingway does a lot to popularize flies through his works, including The Sun Also Rises.
Fishing in Australia began when brown trout was first introduced by Edwardlim's Acclimatization Society of Victoria effort with the aim of "providing male sport that will lead young Australians to seek recreation by rivers and mountains rather than at Cafe and Casino." Brown's first success Trout ova (from Itchen and Wye) was completed by James Arndell Youl, with a delivery aboard The Norfolk in 1864. Rainbow Trout was not introduced until 1894.
It was the development of cheap fiberglass rods, synthetic flying lines, and monofilament leaders, however, in the early 1950s, which revived the popularity of fishing. In recent years, interest in fishing has increased because baby boomers have found the sport. Films like Robert Redford's A River Runs Through It, starring Craig Sheffer and Brad Pitt, cable fishing events, and the emergence of a competitive fly casting circuit have added to the visibility of this sport.
Fishing in art
See also
- The history of seafood
- The history of whale hunting
Note
References
- Bekker-Nielson (2002) "Fish in the ancient economy" In: Skydsgaard JE and Ascani K (Eds.) Ancient history is important: The study presented to Jens Erik Skydsgaard on his seventieth birthday , L'erma in Bretschneider. Page 29-38. ISBN: 978-88-8265-190-9
- Bekker-Nielsen, TÃÆ'¸nnes (2005) Ancient fishery and fish processing in the Black Sea region Aarhus University Press. ISBN: 9788779340961.
- King, Chester D (1991). Chumash Society Evolution: Comparative Study of Artifacts Used for Maintenance of Social Systems in the Santa Barbara Funnel Area before A.D. 1804 . New York and London, Garland Press.
- Lytle, Ephraim (2006) Ancient Greek Fisheries and Economics , ProQuest. ISBN: 9780542816024.
- Pieters M, Verhaeghe F, Gevaert G, Mees J and Seys J. (Ed.) (2003) Colloquium: Fisheries, trade and piracy: fishermen and fisherman settlements in and around the North Sea region Century and then Walraversijde Museum, Special Publication of VLIZ 15.
- Rostlund, Erhard (1952). Sea and Fishery Fish in Native North America . University of California Publications in Geography, Volume 9. Berkeley.
- Sahrhage, Dietrich and Lundbeck, Johannes (1992) Fisheries History. Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-55332-0
- Smith, Team D (2002). Handbook of Fish Biology and Fisheries, Chapter 4, History of fisheries and their sciences. Blackwell Publishing. ISBNÃ, 0-632-06482-X
- Sicking L and Abreu-Ferreira D (Eds.) (2009) Outside catch: fisheries in the North Atlantic, North Sea and Baltic, 900-1850 Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16973-9.
- Starkey, David J.; Jon Th. Thor & amp; Ingo Heidbrink (Eds.): The History of North Atlantic Fisheries: Vol. 1, From Early to Middle Ages to the Nineteenth Century. Bremen (Hauschild Vlg. & Amp; Deutsches Schiffahrtsmuseum) 2009.
External links
- Roman fishing [1]
- Fish and Fishermen. Observations on fishing methods in Roman Mosaic in Greece
- The Medieval Origin of Commercial Sea Fishery Project
- Fishing & amp; Fishermen in the Middle Ages and Renaissance
- The Shoals of Herring is sung by Ewan MacColl with historic herring pictures in Great Yarmouth - YouTube
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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