Knitting is a method in which the yarn is manipulated to make textiles or fabrics for use in many types of clothing.
Knitting creates several rounds of yarn, called stitches, in lines or tubes. Knitting has several active stitches on the needle at one time. The knitting fabric consists of a number of successive lines of intermeshing loops. As each line progresses, the newly created loop is pulled through one or more loops from the previous line, placed on the needle, and the loop from the previous line is then drawn from another needle.
Knitting can be done by hand or by using a machine.
Different types of yarn (type of fiber, texture, and touch), needle size, and type of stitching can be used to achieve knitted fabrics with different properties (color, texture, weight, heat retention, appearance, water resistance, and/or integrity).
Video Knitting
Struktur
Kursus dan wales
Like weaving, knitting is a technique for producing two-dimensional fabrics made of yarn or one-dimensional yarn. In weaving, the thread is always straight, running parallel either lengthwise (warp thread) or transverse (weft thread). In contrast, the yarn in the knitted fabric follows a tortuous path (a only ), forming a symmetrical loop (also called bights) symmetrically above and below the average path of the thread. These twisty knots can be easily stretched in different directions giving the knit fabric more elastic than the woven fabric. Depending on yarn and knitting pattern, knitted garments can stretch as much as 500%. For this reason, knitting was originally developed for clothing that must be elastic or stretched in response to the wearer's movements, such as socks and socks. For comparison, woven clothing stretches mainly along one of the corresponding pair of directions located diagonally between the warp and weft, while contracting in the other direction of the pair (stretching and contraction with bias ), and not very elastic, unless they are knitted from elastic materials such as spandex. Knitwear is often more fitting than woven fabrics, because its elasticity allows them to contour with the lines of the body closer; In contrast, curvature is introduced into most woven clothing with only arrows, flares, gussets and scratches, stitches that lower the elasticity of the woven fabric further. Extra curvature can be put into knitted clothing without sutures, such as on the heels of socks; arrow effects, flares, etc. can be obtained by short lines or by increasing or decreasing the number of stitches. The yarn used in weaving is usually much nicer than the yarn used in knitting, which can provide more knit fabrics and less hanging than woven fabrics.
If they are not secured, loops from the knitting yarn will be released when their threads are pulled; this is known as ripping , parsing knitting, or funny, frogging (because you 'tore it', it sounds like a clustered frog: 'rib- bit '). To secure the stab, at least one new loop is passed. Although the new stitch itself is insecure ("active" or "live"), it secures the seam that is suspended from it. The order of stitches in which each puncture is suspended from the next is called wale . To secure the initial stitches of knitted fabric, methods for casting are used; to secure the final stitching in wale, one uses the binding/casting off method. During knitting, the active sutures are mechanically guaranteed, either from individual hooks (on knitting machines) or from knitting needles or frames in hand knits.
Feed and warp knitting
There are two main types of knitting: knitting and warp knitting. In the more common weft knitting, the wales are perpendicular to the direction of the yarn. In warp knitting, wales and courses run roughly parallel. In knitting the feed, the whole fabric can be produced from a single yarn, by adding stitches to each wale in turns, moving across the fabric as in raster scans. Conversely, in a warp knitting, one thread is required for each wale. Because a typical knitting piece may have hundreds of wales, a warp knitting is usually done by a machine, while knitting the feed is done by hand and machine. Knitted knitted fabrics such as tricot and milanese are resistant to running, and are commonly used in underwear.
Knit fabric feed can also be knitted with many threads, usually to produce an attractive color pattern. The two most common approaches are intarsia and stranded colors. In intarsia, threads are used in well-separated areas, for example, red apples in the green field; in this case, the yarn is kept on a separate roll and only one is knitted at any time. In a more complicated approach, two or more threads alternately repeatedly in a row and all threads must be carried along the lines, as seen on the Fair Isle sweater. Double knitting can produce two separate knitted fabrics simultaneously (for example, two socks). However, the two fabrics are usually integrated into one, giving it extraordinary warmth and excellent curtains.
Stitching knitting and purl
In securing the previous prick in wale, the next stab can pass through the previous loop from below or above. If the former, the stitches are denoted as 'knitting sutures' or 'plain sutures'; if the latter, as 'purl stitch'. The two stitches are related to the knitted sutures seen from one side of the cloth appearing as purl stitches on the other side.
Both types of stitches have different visual effects; knit sutures look like 'V is stacked vertically, while purl sutures look like horizontal lines wavy across the fabric. Patterns and drawings can be made in knitted fabrics using knits and embroidery as "pixels"; however, such pixels are usually rectangular, not square, depending on the gauge/voltage of the knit. Individual stitches, or sequences of stitches, can be made taller by pulling more threads into new circles (longitudinal sutures), which are the basis for uneven crochet: a series of high stitches can alternate with one or more short stitch lines for visual effects interesting. Short and high stitches can also alternate in a row, forming an oval pattern like a fish.
In the simplest hand knit fabric, each line of stitches are all knitted (or all purl); this creates garter suture fabric. The rows alternate from all the knitting stitches and all the purl stitches create a stockinette/stocking stitch pattern. Vertical lines (ribs) are possible by having a series of knitted knits and purl turns. For example, the general choice is 2x2 bind, where two wales of knitting suture are followed by two wales of purl stitching, etc. Horizontal stripping (welting) is also possible, by alternating the line of knitted and purl sutures. The checkerboard pattern (basketball cart) is also possible, the smallest known as stitch/stitch: the seams alternating between knitting and purl in each wale and along each row.
The fabric in which each knitting line is followed by a twisted line, as in stockinette/stocking stitches, has a tendency to curl up and down toward the front (or knitted sides) while the sides curve toward the back (or purified) side) ; Conversely, those who knit and sew the stitches arranged symmetrically (such as bunches, garter seams or stitches of seeds/moss) have more texture and tend to flatten. Wales from purl stitches have a tendency to recede, while knitting sutures tend to advance, giving the fabric more elasticity. Thus, purle wales in the ribs tend not to be seen, as wales knit neighbors forward. In contrast, the rows of piercing pricks tend to form an arising ridge relative to a series of knitting sutures. This is the basis of knitting shadows, where the appearance of knitted fabrics changes when viewed from different directions.
Typically, a new suture is passed through an unsecured ('active') single loop, thus extending that wale with one stitch. However, this need not be so; New loops can be passed through the already guaranteed lower stitches on the fabric, or even between the guaranteed seams (dip stitches). Depending on the distance between where the circle is drawn through the fabric and where the knit is, the forged stitch can produce fine lines or long lines throughout the fabric surface, for example, lower leaves. The new loop can also pass between two stitches in the 'attendance' sequence, thus grouping the intervening sutures; this approach is often used to produce smocking effects on fabrics. New circles can also be passed through 'two or more' previous stitches, resulting in a decrease and merging of shared wales. The combined sutures are not necessarily of the same line; for example, skid can be formed by knitting sutures together from two different lines, producing a horizontal arch on the fabric.
Not all stitches in a line need to be knitted; some may be 'missed' (not removed and forwarded to the active needle) and knitted on the next line. This is known as knit-stitch knitting. Stitches that naturally slip longer than knitted ones. For example, a stitch slips for one line before knitting approximately twice as high as its knitted counterpart. This can produce interesting visual effects, although the resulting fabric is more rigid because the stitches are slipping 'attractive' to its neighbors and are less able to change shape. Mosaic knitting is a form of knit-knit stitch that knits the alternating colored rows and uses a stitching slip to form the pattern; Mosaic fabrics tend to be more rigid than the patterned fabrics produced by other methods such as Fair-Isle knitting.
In some cases, a prick may be left unchecked by a new prick and the wale is allowed to be dismantled. It is known as knitting knitting, and produces vertical ladder of translucent holes in the fabric, according to the place where wale is located.
Striped right and left sutures
Knit and purlant stitches can be twisted: usually once if at all, but sometimes twice and (very rare) three times. If viewed from above, the rotation can be clockwise (right-to-left) or counter-clockwise (left yarn at the top right); this is symbolized as the right and left stitches, respectively. Hand knitters generally produce stitches that are woven by knitting or purling through the back loop, ie, inserting the needle through the prick in the unusual way, but packing the yarn as usual. On the other hand, left-hand stitching is generally formed by hand-knitters by wrapping threads in opposite ways, not by changes in needles. Although they are mirror shapes in the form, the right and left stitches are functionally equivalent. Both woven seams provide subtle yet attractive visual textures, and tend to pull the fabric inside, making them stiff. Embedded stitches are a common method for knitting jewelry from fine metal wire.
Edge and merge between cloth
The initial and final edges of the knit fabric are known as the cast-on edge and the bound/cast-off. Side edges are known as selvages ; word comes from "self-edge", which means that the stitches need not be secured by anything else. Many types of selvages have been developed, with different elastic and ornamental properties.
Vertical and horizontal edges can be introduced in knitted fabric, for example, for buttonhole, by tying/releasing and reprinting again (horizontally) or by knitting fabric on both sides of the vertical edge separately.
Two knitted fabrics can be joined by embroidery-based graft method, most common is Kitchener stitching. Wales can only start from one edge of knitted fabric; this is known as taking stitches and is the basis for entrelac, where wales run perpendicular to each other in a checkered pattern.
Cable, upgrade, and lace
Typically, the sutures are knit in the same order in each row, and the wales of the fabric run parallel and vertically along the fabric. However, this need not be so, because the sequence in which the knit sutures can be changed so that the wales cross each other, forming the cable pattern. The cable pattern tends to pull the fabric together, making it denser and less elastic; Aran Sweater is a common form of knitted wires. A complicated braid braid pattern can be done in the wire mesh, provided that the wales must move upward; it is usually impossible for a wale to ascend and descend from a cloth. Knitters have developed a method to give the illusion of a circular wale, as it appears in Celtic knots, but this is an imprecise estimate. However, the circular wales are possible using Swiss darning, a kind of embroidery, or by knitting the tubes separately and attaching them to knitted fabrics.
Wale can be divided into two or more wales using an increase, most often involving threads. Depending on how the improvement is made, there are often holes in the fabric at the point of increase. This is used for a good effect in knitting lace, which consists of making patterns and drawings using such holes, not with the stitches themselves. Big holes and many in lace knitting make it very elastic; for example, some Shetland's "wedding ring" shawls are so smooth that they can be pulled through a wedding ring.
By combining the increase and decrease, it is possible to make obliquely inclined directions far from vertical, even in knitting the feed. This is the basis for knitting bias, and can be used for visual effects, similar to the direction of brush strokes in oil paintings.
Ornaments and additions
Various ornaments such as dots can be added to knit for their look or to improve fabric wear. Examples include different types of bobbles, sequins, and beads. The length of the loop can also be pulled out and secured, forming a "shaggy" texture into the fabric; this is known as a knitting circle. Additional patterns can be made on the surface of knitted fabrics using embroidery; if the embroidery resembles a knit, it is often called Swiss darning. Various closures for clothing, such as frogs and buttons can be added; Usually the buttonhole is knitted into the garment, not cut.
Decorative pieces can also be knitted separately and then embedded using applique. For example, different colored leaves and petals can be knitted separately and attached to form the final image. Separately knitted tubes can be applied to knitted fabrics to form complex Celtic knots and other patterns that are difficult to knit.
Unbleached threads can be worked into knitted fabrics for warmth, as do in fringes and "weave" (also known as "couching").
Maps Knitting
History and culture
This word is derived from the knot and ultimately from Old English cnyttan , becomes a node.
NÃÆ'  ¥ lebinding (Danish: literally "binding with a needle" or "needle-binding") is a fabric-making technique that precedes both knitting and crocheting. One of the earliest known examples of true knitting is a cotton sock with a knit color pattern found in Egypt from the end of the first millennium AD.
The first commercial knit gathering appeared in Western Europe at the beginning of the 15th century (Tournai in 1429, Barcelona in 1496). The Saint Fiacre Guild was founded in Paris in 1527 but the archive mentions an organization (unnecessary union) knit from 1268.
With the discovery of a hoarding frame, the early form of a knitting machine, knitting "by hand" into a craft used by rural people with easy access to fiber. Similar to quilting, spinning, and embroidery, hand knitting becomes a recreational activity for the rich.
Fabrics properties
The topology of knitted fabrics is relatively complex. Unlike woven fabrics, where the strands usually run horizontally and vertically, the knitted thread follows a circular path along its lines, as with a red strand in the diagram on the left, where the one-line loop has all been drawn through the loop of the line below.
Since there is not a single straight line of yarn anywhere in the pattern, a piece of knitted fabric can stretch in all directions. This elasticity is not available on woven fabrics that only extend along the bias. Many modern outfits are stretched, even as they rely on elastic synthetic materials for some stretching, also reach at least some stretching through knitting patterns.
The basic knitted fabric (as in the diagram, and usually called the pattern of stocking or stockinette ) has a definite "right side" and "wrong side". On the right side, the visible part of the loop is the vertical connecting two rows arranged in the grid of the form V . On the wrong side, the loop end is visible, both top and bottom, creating a more bumpy texture sometimes called reverse stockinette . (Though the "wrong side," inverted stockinette is often used as a pattern in itself.) Since the threads holding the rows together are all up front, and the threads holding side-by-joint sutures are all on return, the stockinette fabric has a strong tendency to bend forward at the top and bottom, and toward the rear on the left and right sides.
Stitches can be worked on one side, and patterns are made by mixing regular knitting sutures with "wrong side" sutures, known as purl sutures, either in columns, rows (garter, welting), or more complicated patterns. Each fabric has different properties: garter sutures have a much more vertical stretch, while ribs extend far more horizontally. Because of its front-rear symmetry, these two fabrics have slightly curly, making them popular as edges, even when the stretching properties are undesirable.
Different combinations of knitting and purl stitching, along with more advanced techniques, produce fabrics of varying consistency, from gauze to very solid, from very elastic to relatively stiff, from flat to strong curling, and so on.
Texture
The most common textures for knitwear are those produced by flat stockinette stitches - as seen, albeit very small, in machine-made stockings and T-shirts - that work inside the circle as nothing but knitted sutures, and work flat as rows alternately knit and purl. Other simple textures can be made with only knitting and purl sutures, including garter sutures, bunches, and moss and seed stitches. Adding a "slip stitch" (where the loop is passed from one needle to another needle) allows for a wide variety of textures, including heel and linen seams as well as a number of more complicated patterns.
Some of the more advanced knitting techniques create a surprising range of complex textures. Combining a certain increment, which can create a small hole in the fabric produced, with various kinds of decline is the key to creating knitted lace, a very open cloth resembling a lace. An open vertical line can be created using knitting knitting techniques. Changing the sequence of stitches from one line to the next, usually with the help of a wire needle or a suture holder, is the key to knit wires, resulting in an endless variety of cable, nest, string, and Aran sweater patterns. Entrelac forms rich checkered textures by knitting small boxes, taking the sides, and knitting more boxes to continue the pieces.
Fair Isle knit using two or more colored threads to create patterns and form thicker and less flexible fabrics.
The appearance of the garment is also influenced by the weight yarn, which describes the thickness of the spun fibers. The thicker the yarn, the more visible and visible the seams are; the thinner the thread, the smoother the texture.
Color
Many finished knitting projects never use more than one yarn color, but there are many ways to work in different colors. Some threads are dyed to be multitudin (change the color of each random stitch) or self-striping (change every few lines). More complicated techniques allow large areas of color (intarsia, for example), busy small-scale patterns (like Fair Isle), or both (double knitting and slip-stitch colors, for example).
Yarns with some of the same color gradations are called ombre , while threads of several colors can be known as colorway given; green, red and yellow threads may be nicknamed "Parrot Colorway" by the manufacturer, for example. Heathered yarn contains a small amount of different color fibers, while tweed yarn may have more different colored fibers.
Hand knitting process
There are hundreds of knitted sewing used by hand knitting. A piece of knitting begins with the process of casting on, which involves the initial creation of stitches on the needles. Different casting methods are used for different effects: one is quite flexible for lace, while others provide decorative fringes. While cast-ons are used when knitting will continue in both directions of cast-on. There are various methods used to throw, such as "thumb method" (also known as "slingshot" or "long tail"), where stitches are made by a series of spin which will, when knitted, provide a very loose edge for " "and knit the border; "double needle method" (also known as "knitted-on" or "cast-on cable"), where each loop is placed on a needle then "knitted," which yields the ideal edge of its own stronger as a border; and much more. The number of active stitches remains the same as when printed unless stitches are added (increase) or removed (decrease).
Most Western-style hand-knit follow the English style (where the yarn is held in the right hand) or Continental style (where the yarn is held in the left hand).
There are also various ways to insert the needle into the stitch. Knitting through the front of the seam is called a Western knit. Exploring the back of the seam is called the Eastern knitting. The third method, called the knitting combination, passes through the front of the knitting suture and the back of the puncture purl.
After the hand knitted pieces are finished, the remaining live stitches are "discarded". Casting (or "binding") removes the loops of stitches to each other so that they can be removed from the needle without opening the item. Although mechanically different from casting, there are many different methods.
In the hands of knitting certain clothes, especially larger ones such as sweaters, final knitted garments will be made of several knits, with individual pieces of garment knitted separately and then sewn together. Seamless knitting, in which the whole hand knit garment as one piece, is also possible. Elizabeth Zimmermann is probably the best-known supporter of circular knitting techniques. Smaller items, such as socks and hats, are usually knitted one by one with double-ended needles or circular needles. Hats can typically start "top to bottom" on a double-ended needle with an added enhancement until the desired size is reached, switching to the right circular needle when enough stitching is added. Care should be taken to bind to the tension that will allow the "giving" that is needed to be comfortable in the head. (See Circular Knitter .)
Mega knitting
Mega knitting is a term that has recently been created and is concerned with the use of knitting needles that are greater than or equal to half an inch in diameter.
Mega knitting uses the same stitching and technique with conventional knitting, except that the hook is engraved on the tip of the needle. The hook needle greatly improves job control, seizes the stitches and prevents them from escaping.
It is a knitting machine development that introduces knitting needles and allows automatic alignment without defects. Most knitters may not even be aware of the many processes that their fingers perform in a single prick. However, the large gauge emphasizes the action and knitting becomes even more awkward when the diameter of the needle is greater than the width of the knitting finger. In an inch diameter (size 50) for example, the shaft starts to taper one and three quarters of an inch from the tip. This means that the stitches are spread further apart on the mega knitting needles, making them more difficult to control. Hooks catch the loop from the thread because every stitch is knitted, which means that the wrist and fingers do not have to work very hard and there is less chance of stitches slipping off the needle. The hook position is very important. Turn left hook (not working) to deal with it any time; turn the right hook (work) towards you upward while knitting (plain suture) and go while purling.
Mega knitting produces thick, thick or woven fabric of open lace, depending on the weight and type of yarn used.
Materials
Yarn
Yarn for hand knitting is usually sold as a ball or spindle (clump), and possibly also a wound to a spool or cone. Spindles and balls are generally sold with yarn-bands, labels depicting yarn weight, length, lots of dye, fiber content, washing instructions, suggested syringe size, possible gauges/voltages etc. it is a common practice to store the yarn ribbon for future reference, especially if extra spindle must be purchased. The knitter generally ensures that the yarn for the project comes from one lot of dye. Many dyes determine a group of spindles that are dyed together and thus have the exact same color; bobbins of different dyed colors, although very similar in color, are usually slightly different and can produce horizontal lines visible when knitted together. If the knitter buys yarn is not enough of a coloring dye to complete the project, an extra bobbin of the same dye lot can sometimes be obtained from other thread stores or online. Otherwise, knitter can alternately spindle every few lines to help many dyes fuse more easily.
Thickness or yarn weight is a significant factor in determining the gauge/tension, that is, how many stitches and rows are required to cover a given area for a given puncture pattern. Thick yarns generally require thicker knitting needles, whereas thinner threads may be knitted with thick or thin needles. Therefore, thicker threads generally require less stitching, and therefore less time, to knit the clothes provided. Patterns and motifs more rough with thick threads; thick threads produce thick visual effects, while thinner threads are best for fine patterns. Yarns are grouped by thickness into six categories: prime, smooth, light, medium, large and extraordinary; Quantitatively, the thickness is measured by the number of wraps per inch (WPI). In the Commonwealth of England (outside North America) the yarn is measured as 1ply, 2ply, 3ply, 4ply, 5ply, 8ply (or double knit), 10ply and 12ply (triple knit). The weight of per associated length unit is usually measured in tex or denier.
Before knitting, the knitter will usually turn the hank/skein into a ball in which the thread emerges from the center of the ball; this makes knitting easier by preventing the threads becoming easily tangled. This transformation can be done by hand, or with a device known as a ballwinder. When knitting, some knitters attach their balls into the jar to keep it clean and not sewn with other threads; free thread through a small hole in the bottle cap.
The usefulness of the yarn for the knitting project is judged by several factors, such as loft (its ability to trap air), its resistance <(i) elasticity under stress), its durability and colorfastness, (its tendency to spin or decompose, the overall weight and curtain, the quality of blocking and felting, the comfort (the tenderness for the pilling, its characteristic) breathability, moisture absorption, wicking properties) and of course the look, which includes color, sheen, smoothness and ornamental features. Other factors include allergenicity; drying speed; resistance to chemicals, moths, and fungi; melting and flammable points; static electricity retention; and the tendency to become stained and accept dye. Different factors may be more significant than others for different knitting projects, so there is not a single "best" thread. The resilience and inclination to (un) twist is a common trait that affects the ease of hand knitting. The more pliable yarn is more forgiving of the irregularities in tension; The very twisted threads are sometimes difficult to knit, while the woven yarn can cause separate stitches, where not all threads are knitted into punctures. The key factor in knitting is the definition of stitches , according to how well the complicated stitch pattern can be seen when made of the given thread. Exceptionally fine fine threads are best for exhibiting stitch patterns; on other extreme threads, very hairy threads or eyelashes have poor stitching definitions, and complicated suture patterns will not be seen.
Although knitting can be done with ribbons, metal wire or more exotic filaments, most of the yarn is made by spinning fibers. In spinning, the fibers are twisted so that the yarn holds the fracture under tension; rotation can be done in both directions, producing Z-twist or S-twist yarn. If the first fiber is parallel to comb it, the thread is softer and is called wool ; otherwise, if the fibers are carded but not combed, the thread is softer and is called wool-spinning . The fibers that make up the yarn may be filamentous fibers such as silk and many synthetics, or they may be staples (fibers of average length, usually several inches); Natural filament fibers are sometimes cut into staples before spinning. The strength of the spun yarn against termination is determined by the number of coils, the length of the fiber and the thickness of the yarn. In general, the thread becomes stronger with more rounds (also called worst ), longer fibers and thicker yarns (more fibers); for example, thinner threads require more rotation than thick threads to withstand fractures under voltage. Thread thickness may vary along its length; a slub is a thicker part where many fibers are inserted into the thread.
Spun fibers are generally divided into animal fibers, plants and synthetic fibers. These types of fibers are chemically different, each corresponding to proteins, carbohydrates and synthetic polymers. Animal fibers include silk, but generally are long animal hairs like sheep (wool), goats (angora, or cashmere goats), rabbits (angora), llama, alpaca, dogs, cats, camels, yak, and muskox (qiviut). Plants used for fiber include cotton, hemp (for linen), bamboo, hemp, hemp, hemp, nettle, raffia, yucca, coconut husk, banana fiber, soybean and corn. Rayon and acetate fibers are also produced from cellulose primarily derived from trees. Common synthetic fibers include acrylics, polyesters such as dacron and ingeo, nylon and other polyamides, and olefins such as polypropylene. Of this type, wool is generally preferred for knitting, mainly because of superior elasticity, warmth and (sometimes) felting; However, wool is generally less comfortable to clean and some people are allergic to it. It is also common to mix different fibers in the yarn, for example, alpaca 85% and 15% silk. Even in a fiber type, there can be great variations in fiber length and thickness; for example, Merino wool and Egyptian cotton are preferred because they produce very long, thin fibers for their kind.
Single spun yarn can be knitted as it is, or braided or joined together. In plying, two or more threads rotate together, almost always in the opposite sense from which they rotate individually; for example, two Z-twist threads are usually applied with S-twist. The opposite pull reduces several tendencies of the yarn to curl up and produce a thicker, balanced yarn. Flattened threads can be united, resulting in thread wires or multi-stranded threads . Sometimes, the feeding thread is fed at different rates, so one thread revolves around the other, as in bouclÃÆ'Â ©. Single threads can be dyed separately before plying, or afterwards to give the yarn a uniform look.
Yarn dyeing is a complex art that has a long history. However, the thread does not need to be dyed. They may be dyed only one color, or a variety of colors. Dyeing can be done industrially, by hand or even hand painted to the yarn. Various kinds of synthetic dyes have been developed since the synthesis of indigo dyes in the mid-19th century; however, natural dyes are also possible, although generally less brilliant. The yarn color scheme is sometimes called the colorway. Multitudinous threads can produce interesting visual effects, such as diagonal lines; on the other hand, multitudinous threads can thwart good knitting patterns by producing unpleasant color combinations.
Glass/Candle
Knitted Glass incorporates knitting, lost wax casting, mold making, and kiln-casting. The process involves
- knit with a wax string,
- surrounds the wax knit section with refractory refractory material,
- remove the wax by melting it, thus creating a mold;
- placing the mold in the kiln where the lead crystal glass melts into the mold;
- after the mold cools, the printed material is removed to reveal a piece of knitted glass.
Tools
The knitting process has three basic tasks:
- the active (unsafe) stitches should be held so as not to fall
- these stitches should be released shortly after they are secured
- New yarn threads must be passed through the fabric, usually through an active stitch, so as to secure it.
In very simple cases, knitting can be done without tools, just using the fingers to perform these tasks; However, knitting is usually done using tools such as knitting needles, knitting machines or rigid frames. Depending on the size and shape, the rigid frames are called hoarding frames, knitting boards, knitting rings (also called knitting looms) or knitted rolls (also known as knob knits, knitting nancy, or corker). There is also a technique called knitting knooking with a crochet hook that has a cable attached to the end, to hold the stitches while being worked on. Other tools are used to prepare yarn for knitting, measuring and designing knitted garments, or making knitting easier or more comfortable.
Needle
There are three basic types of knitting needles (also called "knitting pins"). The first and most common types consist of two slender, straight rods tapered to a point at one end, and with buttons on the other end to prevent seams from slipping off. Such needles are usually 10-16 inches (250-410 mm) but, due to the compressibility of knitted fabrics, can be used to knit pieces significantly wider. The most important properties of the needles are their diameters, which range from below 2 to 25 mm (approximately 1 inch). The diameter affects the size of the suture, which affects the gauge/tension of the knitting and the elasticity of the fabric. So, a simple way to change the gauge/voltage is by using a different needle, which is the basis of uneven knitting. Although the diameter of the knitting needle is often measured in millimeters, there are several measurement systems, especially those specific to the United States, Britain and Japan; the conversion table is given to the knitting needle. Knitting needles like that can be made of any material, but the most common materials are metal, wood, bamboo, and plastic. Different materials have different friction and hold the yarn differently; Slippery needles such as metallic needles are useful for fast knitting, while rough needles such as bamboo offer more friction and therefore less likely to drop stitches. Knitting new sutures only occurs on the tapered ends. Needles with lighted ends have been sold to allow knitting knitting in the dark.
The second type of knitting needle is a straight-toed double knitting needle (also called "DPN"). The double-pointed needles taper at both ends, allowing them to knit from both ends. DPNs are usually used for circular knitting, especially smaller tubular pieces such as arms, collars, and socks; usually one needle is active while the other holds the remaining active stitches. DPNs are somewhat shorter (typically 7 inches) and are usually sold in sets of four or five.
The cable needle is a special case of DPN, although usually not straight, but dimpled in the middle. Often, they have a hook shape. When installing a knitting cable, the hook is easier to hold and hold the thread. Cable needles are usually very short (several inches), and are used for holding temporary stitches while others are being knitted. The cable pattern is made by allowing the seam sequence; although one or two stitches may be held by hand or knit broken, three or more cables generally require a cable needle.
The third type of needle consists of a circular needle, a long, double-pointed flexible needle. Two tapered ends (usually 5 inches long (130 mm) in length are rigid and straight, allowing for easy knitting, but both ends are connected by a flexible (usually nylon) strand that allows the two ends to be joined together.Circular needles are usually 24-60Ã, , and usually used singly or in pairs; again, the width of the knitted piece can be much longer than the length of the circular needle.
A growing trend in the knitting world is a needle that can be replaced. This kit consists of pairs of needles with nylon cords or ropes usually. The wires/cables are screwed into the needle, allowing the knitting to have either a flexible straight needle or a circular needle. It also allows the knitter to change the diameter and length of the needle as needed. The needle must be tightened firmly, otherwise the yarn can tear and become damaged.
Ability to work from one end of the needle comfortably in some kind of knitting, such as double seam version. Circular needles can be used for flat or circular knitting.
Needle cable is a special design, and is used to create rotating motifs of knitted wires. They are made in various sizes, which produce wires of different width. When used, the cable needle is used in conjunction with two regular needles. This works by uniting the sutures of creating cables as other needles make the remaining stitches for knitted pieces. At certain points indicated by the knitting pattern, the wire needle is moved, the stitch on it is done by another needle, then the cable needle is rotated to a different position to create the rotation of the cable.
Mega needle
Mega knitting needles are generally regarded as knitting needles larger than size 17 (half inch diameter). Mega needles may or may not have hooks carved at the ends. Hooks on large diameter needles are helpful for controlling stitches while knitting.
The largest circular knitting needle
The largest circular aluminum knitting needle that is recorded is the size of US 150 and almost 7 feet in height. They are owned by Paradise Fibers and are currently on display at the Paradise Fibers retail showroom.
Record
The current holder of the Guinness World Record for Knitting with the Biggest Knitting Needle is Julia Hopson from Penzance in Cornwall.
Julia crochet ten square stitches and ten rows in stockinette stitch using knitting needles that are 6.5 centimeters in diameter and 3.5 meters.
Additional tools
Various tools have been developed to make hand knitting easier. Tools for measuring needle diameter and yarn properties have been discussed above, as well as fast threads, ballwinders and "yarntainers". Knitting hooks and needles are often useful in binding/releasing or uniting two edge-to-edge knits. The dripping needle is used in a double skewer (also known as Swiss darning). The knitted hooks are also important for fixing the fall seams and some special stitches such as fringe. Other tools such as spools or pom-pom makers are used to prepare special ornaments. For large or complex knitting patterns, it is sometimes difficult to trace which puncture to knit in a certain way; Therefore, several tools have been developed to identify the number of lines or particular stitches, including circular paste markers, dangling markers, additional threads and line counters. The second potential difficulty is that the knitted piece will be detached from the tip of the needle when not watched; this is prevented by the "point protectors" that cover the pointed ends. Another problem is that too much knitting can cause hand and wrist problems; for this, special stress-relieving gloves are available. In traditional Shetland, knitting a special belt is often used to support one needle tip that allows greater speed. Finally, there are many pockets and containers for storing knits, threads and needles.
Commercial applications
Industrially, metal wire is also knitted into metal fabrics for a variety of uses including filter materials in cafetieres, catalytic converters for cars and many other uses. These fabrics are usually produced on a circular knitting machine that will be recognized by regular knitting as a sock machine.
Many fashion designers use knitted fabrics in their fashion collections. Gordana Gelhausen, who appeared in season six of the Project Runway show, is a knit designer. Other designers and labels that use heavy knitwear include Michael Kors, Fendi, and Marc Jacobs.
For individual fans, websites like Etsy, Big Cartel and Ravelry have made it easier to sell small-scale knitting patterns, in a way similar to eBay.
Graffiti
In the last decade, a practice called graffiti knitting, knitting guerrillas, or yarn bombing - the use of knitted or linked fabrics to modify and beautify the environment (usually outside) - emerged in the US and spread throughout the world. Magda Sayeg is credited with starting a movement in the US and Knit the City is a leading group of graffiti artists in the UK. The yarn bomber sometimes targets existing graffiti pieces to beautify. For example, Dave Cole is a contemporary sculpture artist who practiced knitting as graffiti for large-scale public art installations in Melbourne, Australia for the Great Western Art Festival in 2009. The work ruined the settlement night. A new film, taken by a Tasmanian filmmaker on a set almost entirely made of yarn, was partly inspired by "graffiti knitting".
Yarn crawled
Many major metropolitan cities across the US and Europe host annual Yarn Crawls. The event is usually a multi-day event that caters to all fans of knitters, crochets and threads that support local craft communities. During multi-day periods, several local threads and knitting shops participate in yarn crawling and discount store offers, providing exclusive free patterns, providing classes, trunk events and raffling for prizes. The browsing participants receive their passports and stamped their passports at every store they visit along the journey. Traditionally those who get their passports fully branded are eligible to win a larger gift basket filled with yarn, knit and crochet. Some local crawling also provides Knit-Along (KAL) or Crochet-Along (CAL) where participants follow certain patterns before crawling and then proudly wear them while crawling for others to see.
Charity
Hand knitwear for free sharing to others has become a common practice among hand knitting groups. Women and women are waving socks, sweaters, scarves, gloves, gloves, and hats for soldiers in the Crimea, the American Civil War, and the Boer War; This practice continued in World War I, World War II and the Korean War, and continued for troops in Iraq and Afghanistan. The Australian charity Wrap with Love continues to provide hand-wrapped blankets that are volunteered to the world's most needy people who have been affected by the war.
In historical projects, yarn companies provide knitting patterns approved by various branches of armed services; often they are distributed by the local branch of the American Red Cross. Modern projects usually require knitting hat-hats or helmet liners; liners provided for soldiers must be from 100% woolen woolen wool and made using a certain color.
Clothes and afghans are often made for children, the elderly, and those that are economically disadvantaged in different countries. Pine Ridge Indian Reservation receives donations to Lakota people in the United States. Prayer scarves, or scarves in which craftsmen meditate or say their prayer of faith while knitting hands in order to entertain the recipients, donated to those who experience loss or stress. Many hand knitterers today knit and donate "chemo hats", soft hats for cancer patients who lose their hair during chemotherapy. The yarn company offers a free knit pattern for this hat.
Penguin sweaters are hand-knitted by volunteers for the rehabilitation of penguins contaminated by exposure to oil slicks. This project is done.
Chicken sweaters are also hand knotted to help the battery chickens that have lost their fur. Currently the organization does not accept donations, but has a list of volunteers.
Originally started after the 2004 Indonesian tsunami, Knitters Without Borders is a charity challenge issued by the knitting personality of Stephanie Pearl-McPhee that encourages hand-knitter to donate to MÃÆ' Â © decins Sans FrontiÃÆ'¨res (Doctors Without Borders). Instead of [knitting hands for charity, artisans are encouraged to donate one-week disposable income, including money that may have been spent on the yarn. Knitwear is sometimes offered as a gift to donors. As of September 2011, Knitters Without Borders donors have contributed CAD $ 1,062,217.
Safety blankets can also be done through the Project Linus organization that helps children in need.
There are organizations that help reach other countries in need such as afghan for Afghanistan. This outreach is described as, "Afghanistan for Afghanistan is a humanitarian and person-to-person project that sends hand-knit and blanket connections and sweaters, vests, hats, gloves, and socks to the besieged people in Afghanistan."
Health benefits
Research has shown that hand knitting, along with other forms of sewing, provides several significant health benefits. These studies have found the rhythmic and repetitive action of hand knitting can help prevent and manage stress, pain and depression, which in turn strengthens the immune system, "and creates a relaxed response in the body that can lower blood pressure, heart rate, helps prevent diseases, and has a calming effect.The pain specialist has also found that hand knitting alters brain chemistry, which results in increased "feel good" hormones (ie serotonin and dopamine) and decreased stress hormones.
Hand knitting, along with other leisure activities, has been linked to reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Just like physical activity that strengthens the body, mental exercise makes the human brain more resilient.
The research repository on the effects on hand knit health can be found on the Stitch link, an organization founded in Bath, England.
Knitting also helps in the field of social interaction; knitting gives people a chance to socialize with others. Some ways to increase social interaction with knitting is to invite friends to knit and chat with each other. Even if they have never knit before, this can be a fun way to interact with your friends.
Another interesting way that knitting can have a positive impact on your life is to increase the dexterity in your hands and figure. This makes your fingers bending and can be very helpful for those suffering from arthritis. Knitting can reduce the pain of arthritis if people make it a daily habit.
See also
- Art of fiber
- Knit finger
- Knitted fabrics
- Knitted abbreviation
- Club knitting
- The Association of Knitted Fellows
- Textile manufacture
- Thread bombing
References
Additional readings
- Hiatt, June Hemmons. (2012). knitting principle: Hand knitting method and technique . Simon & amp; Schuster, New York.
- "Knit". The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition . Columbia University Press. 2003.
- Rutt, Richard (2003). Hand Knitting History . Interweave Press, Loveland, CO. (ISBN Reprint Edition)
- Spencer, David J. (1989). Knitting Technology: A Comprehensive Handbook and A Practical Guide . Lancaster: Woodhead Publishing. ISBNÃ, 1-85573-333-1.
- Stoller, Debbie. (2004) Stitch 'n Bitch: The Knitter's Handbook . Employer Publishing Company
- Thomas, Mary (1972) [1938]. Mary Thomas Knitting Book . Dover Publication. New York.
- Zimmermann, Elizabeth. (1972). Knitting Without Tears . Simon & amp; Schuster, New York. (Reprint Edition ISBN)
- Gschwandtner, Sabrina. (2007). KnitKnit: Profiles and Projects of Knitting's New Wave . Stewart, Tabori, and Chang, New York.
- Patel, Aneeta. (2008) Knitty Gritty - Knitting for the Absolute Beginner . A & amp; C Black
- Zimmermann, Elizabeth. (1981) Elizabeth Zimmermann's Knitter's Almanac . Dover Publication
- Isaacson, Steve. (2013). Carol Milne Knitted Glass - How Does She Do It? ISBNÃ, 978-1482748048
External links
- craftyarncouncil.com, The relationship between the yarn weight and the size of the knitting.
- US and UK Conversion Charts Shows graph of US and UK conversions, relationship to needle size and typical usage.
- "Knit". Fashion, Jewelry & amp; Accessories . Museum of Victoria and Albert . Retrieved 2007-09-22 Ã,
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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