Paleoart (also spelled palaeoart , paleo-art , or paleo art ) is any original artistic work that attempts to reconstruct or describe prehistoric life in accordance with current knowledge and scientific evidence when creating artwork. The term paleoart was introduced in the late 1980s by Mark Hallett for art that depicts subjects related to paleontology. This may be a representation of the remains of fossils or depictions of living things and their ecosystems. This term is a portmanteau of "art" and the ancient Greek word for the old.
Video Paleoart
Produksi
The work of paleoartis is not just a fantasy of an artist's imagination, but rather a cooperative discussion among experts and artists. When trying to reconstruct an extinct animal, the artist must use almost the same blend of art and scientific knowledge. Artist James Gurney, famous for the series of dinotics fiction books, has described the interaction between scientists and artists as artists who became the eyes of scientists, because the illustrations bring form to theories; palaeoart determines how society perceives an extinct animal.
Maps Paleoart
History
"Proto-paleoart"
The art of extinct animals has existed since before the creation of paleontological studies. Although the 1830 paintings of Henry De la Beche Duria Antiquior are often credited as the first paleontological works, there are many examples of art based on extinct creatures. These include detailed anatomical sketches, paintings and restorations, at least since 1800. There is also the possibility of a "proto-paleoart" example from long before the 19th century, sometimes considered to include works of art from the Before Current Era. However, as Mark Witton discusses, griffin artwork and cyclopes do not seem to take inspiration from extinct animals, in fact most likely are purely speculative creations. 560-540 BC artwork from Monster of Troy is regarded as the earliest "proto-paleoart" too, the only known depiction resembling the giraffid skull of Samotherium . Witton assumes that since the painting has significant differences from the skull that is considered to represent (lack of horns, sharp teeth) there is no reason to think it represents "proto-paleoart". The first definitive work of "proto-paleoart" is a statue of a Lindwurm in Klagenfurt, Austria. The writings of its time of manufacture specifically identify the skull of Coelodonta antiquitatis, the woolly rhinoceros, as the basis for the head in the restoration.
Initial scientific paleoart
The extinct marine animals are the first to be restored realistically as in life. Art has become important in spreading knowledge about dinosaurs since the term was introduced by Sir Richard Owen in 1842. With Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins, Owen helped create the first life-size sculptures depicting dinosaurs when he thought they might have appeared. Some models were originally made for the Great Exhibition of 1851, but 33 were finally produced when the Crystal Palace was transferred to Sydenham, in South London. Owen is famous as the host of a dinner for 21 prominent men of science inside the hollow concrete Iguanodon on New Year's Eve, 1853. However, in 1849, several years before his death in 1852, Gideon Mantell has realized that < i>> Iguanodon , in which he was the inventor, not a heavy animal like Pachyderm, as proposed Owen, but has a slim front legs; death made her unable to participate in the creation of sculptures of dinosaurs Crystal Palace, and so Owen's vision of the dinosaurs became that seen by the public. He has nearly two dozen human-sized statues of prehistoric animals built from concrete carved on steel and brick frames; two Iguanodon , one stand and one resting on its belly, inserted. Dinosaurs remain in place in the park, but their depictions are now outdated in many ways.
' Classic 'paleoart (1900- 1960s)
When the western frontier opened further in the second half of the nineteenth century, the rapid rise of dinosaur discoveries in barren-rich bone from the American Midwest and Canadian wilderness brought new interest in the artistic reconstruction of paleontological findings.. This 'classical' period saw the rise of Charles R. Knight, Rudolph Zallinger, and Zdenek Burian as the three most prominent paleoart exponents. During this time, dinosaurs were popularly reconstructed as tail-dragging, cold-blooded, sluggish 'Great Reptiles' which became a byword for evolutionary failure in the public mind.
The Dinosaur Renaissance (1960s-1990s)
While the style of artists and their artistic mastery of beauty and composition is still touted today, the classical portrayals of dinosaurs and other prehistoric animals remained the status quo until the 1960s, when a small scientific revolution began to change this perception after the discovery of 1964. i> Deinonychus by paleontologist John Ostrom. Ostrom's description of this almost complete bird-like dinosaur, published in 1969, challenged the dinosaur prejudice as a cold-blooded animal, slow moving reptile, and artistic reconstruction of Deinonychus by his disciple Robert Bakker, still an icon of what which came to be known as the Renaissance Dinosaur.
The influence of Bakker during this period on novice paleoartis, such as Gregory S. Paul, as well as public awareness brought about a paradigm shift in how dinosaurs were perceived by artists, scientists and laymen. This influence affects the presentation of museum displays and ultimately finds its way into popular culture, with the peak of this period probably best marked by the films of 1990 and 1993 Jurassic Park .
Modern paleoart (post-1990)
high-fidelity archosaur reconstruction of the skeleton Gregory Paul provides the basis for ushering in the modern era of paleoart, which is perhaps most marked by rigorous, conscious anatomical work balanced with speculative talent. Together and after Paul, other paleoartists marked this strictly anatomical new paleoart beyond archosaurs, including the reconstruction of hominid fossils by Jay Matternes and Alfons and Adrie Kennis, as well as fossil mammals by artists such as Mauricio AntÃÆ'³n. Other modern paleoartists of the 'tight anatomical' movement include Jason Brougham, Mark Hallet, Scott Hartman, Bob Nicholls, Emily Willoughby and Mark Witton.
A 2013 study found that older paleoarts were still influential in popular culture long after new discoveries made them obsolete. This is described as cultural inertia. In a 2014 paper, Mark P. Witton, Darren Naish, and John Conway outlined the historical significance of paleoart, and regretted its current state.
Recognition
Since 1999, the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology has awarded PaleoArt John J. Lanzendorf for field achievement. The public says that paleoart "is one of the most important vehicles to communicate discovery and data among paleontologists, and it is vital to spread vertebrate paleontology throughout the disciplines and to put the audience". SVP is also an annual/annual "PaleoArt Poster Show" venue, an exhibit of jury posters at the reception of the opening of the annual SVP meeting.
Museu da Lourinhà menyel¡n held an annual Dinosaur Illustration Contest to promote the art of dinosaurs and other fossils.
Important, influential paleoartis
Past (pre-dinosaur renaissance) paleoartists
2D Artist
Seniman 3D
Modern (pasca-dinosaurus renaissance) paleoartists
2D Artist
Seniman 3D
Galeri
Referensi
Tautan eksternal
- Paleoartists di Curlie (berdasarkan DMOZ)
- Paleoartists Hall of Fame
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments