graphics tablet (also known as the digitizer tablet, drawing tablet , digital image tablet , pen tablet , or digital art board ) is a computer input device that allows users to manually draw pictures, animations, and drawings, with special pens like pens, similar to the way one draws a picture with a pencil and paper. This tablet can also be used to retrieve data or handwritten signatures. It can also be used to trace an image from a piece of paper that is pinned or secured to the tablet surface. Capturing data in this way, by tracing or entering poly-line or linear lines, is called digitalization.
This device consists of a flat surface where users can "draw" or track images using a built-in stylus, drawing tools such as a pen. Images are displayed on computer monitors, although some graphics tablets now also incorporate LCD screens for more realistic or natural experience and usability.
Some tablets are meant to replace the computer mouse as a pointing device and the main navigation for desktop computers.
Video Graphics tablet
Histori
The first electronic handwriting device was Telautograph, patented by Elisha Gray in 1888.
The first graphic tablet that resembled contemporary tablets and used for handwriting recognition by computers was the Stylator in 1957. Better known (and often incorrectly expressed as the first digitizer tablet) is the RAND Tablet also known as > Grafacon (for Graphic Converter), was introduced in 1964. RAND Tablets use a wire grille below the pad surface that encodes horizontal and vertical coordinates in small magnetic signals. The stylus will receive a magnetic signal, which can then be decoded back as coordinate information.
Acoustic tablets, or spark tablets, use a stylus that generates clicks with spark plugs. Clicks are then triangulated by a series of microphones to find a pen in space. The system is quite complex and expensive, and its sensors are susceptible to noise by external noise.
Digitizers were popularized in the mid-1970s and early 1980s by the commercial success of ID (Intelligent Digitizer) and BitPad produced by Summagraphics Corp. Digitizers Summagraphics are sold under the company name but also privately labeled for HP, Textronix, Evans and Sutherland and some other graphics system manufacturers. The ID model was the first graphics tablet to take advantage of what was at the time, Intel's new microprocessor technology. This embedded processing power allows the ID model to have twice the accuracy of the previous model while still using the same foundation technology. The key to increasing this accuracy are the two US patents issued to Stephen Domyan, Robert Davis, and Edward Snyder. The Bit Pad model is the first attempt at low-cost graphics tablets with an initial selling price of $ 555 when other graphics tablets are sold in the $ 2,000 to $ 3,000 price range. This lower cost provides opportunities for entrepreneurs to be able to write graphics software for many new applications. These digitizers are used as input devices for many high end CAD systems (Computer Aided Design) as well as bundled with PC and PC-based CAD software such as AutoCAD.
Summagraphics also created an OEM version of its BitPad sold by Apple Computer as an Apple Graphic Tablet accessory for their Apple II. The tablet uses magnetostriction technology that uses cables made of special alloys that extend over solid substrates to accurately locate the stylus tip or center of the digitizer cursor on the tablet surface. This technology also allows measurement of Proximity axis or "Z".
The first home computer tablet is KoalaPad. Although originally designed for the Apple II, the Koala has expanded its application to virtually any home computer with graphical support, including the TRS-80 Color, Commodore 64 and Atari 8-bit computers. Competing tablets are finally produced; tablets produced by Atari are generally considered to be of high quality.
In 1981, musician Todd Rundgren created the first color graphics tablet software for personal computers, licensed to Apple as Utopia Graphic Tablet System.
In the 1980s, some graphics tablet vendors began to include additional functions, such as handwriting recognition and in-tablet menus.
Maps Graphics tablet
Operation
There are many attempts to categorize the technologies that have been used for graphics tablets:
- Passive tablet
- Passive tablets, especially those produced by Wacom and Parblo, for example, use electromagnetic induction technology, where horizontal and vertical cables from tablets operate both as transmissions and receive scrolls (as opposed to RAND Tablet cables that only send). This tablet produces an electromagnetic signal, which is received by the LC circuit on the stylus. The cables on the tablet then turn into reception mode and read the signal generated by the stylus. Modern settings also provide pressure sensitivity and one or more buttons, with electronics for this information present on the stylus. On older tablets, changing the pressure on the stylus needle or pressing the button changes the nature of the LC circuit, affecting the signals generated by the pen, which modern often encode into signals as digital data streams. By using electromagnetic signals, the tablet is able to feel the position of the stylus without the stylus even to touch the surface, and turn on the pen with this signal means the device used with the tablet never requires a battery. Activslate 50, a model used with Promethean white boards, also uses a hybrid of this technology.
- Active tablets
- Active tablets are different because the stylus used contains self-working electronics that generate and transmit signals to the tablet. The stylus relies on an internal battery rather than a tablet for their power, producing a bulkier stylus. Eliminating the need to pen power means that the tablet can listen to pen signals constantly, as they do not have to switch between delivery and reception modes, which can cause less jitter.
- Optical tablets
- The optical tablet operates with a very small digital camera on the stylus and then performs pattern matching on a paper image. The most successful example is the technology developed by Anoto.
- Acoustic Tablets
- The initial model is described as a spark tablet - a small sound generator is mounted on the stylus, and an acoustic signal is picked up by two microphones placed near the writing surface. Some modern designs are able to read positions in three dimensions.
- Capacitive tablets
- This tablet has also been designed to use electrostatic or capacitive signals. Scriptel design is one example of high performance tablets that detect electrostatic signals. In contrast to the type of capacitive design used for touch screens, the Scriptel design is able to detect the position of the pen when it is nearby or hovering over the tablet. Many multi-touch tablets use capacitive sensing.
For all of these technologies, the tablet can use the received signal to also determine the stylus distance from the tablet surface, the tilt (angle from the vertical) of the stylus, and other information other than horizontal and vertical positions, such as clicking the stylus or stylus rotation.
Compared to the touch screen, graphics tablets generally offer much higher precision, the ability to track objects that do not touch the tablet, and can gather more information about the stylus, but are usually more expensive, and can only be used with special stylus or other accessories.
Some tablets, especially cheap ones intended for children, come with a stylus that is woven, using technology similar to older RAND tablets.
Pucks
After the styluses, pucks are the most commonly used tablet accessories. A chip is a mouse-like device that can detect its absolute position and rotation. This is contrary to the mouse pointer device, which can only sense its relative speed on the surface (most of the tablet drivers are capable of allowing puck to mimic the mouse in operation, and many pucks are marketed as "mouse"). Pucks have different sizes and shapes; some are externally indistinguishable from the mouse, while others are quite large devices with dozens of buttons and controls. Professional pucks often have reticles or enlargers that allow the user to see the exact point on the tablet surface targeted by the chip, for detail tracking and CAD work (computer-assisted).
Embedded LCD Tablet
Some graphics tablets incorporate the LCD into the tablet itself, allowing users to draw directly on the surface of the screen.
Tablet graphics/hybrid screens offer advantages over standard touchscreen PCs and regular graphics tablets. Unlike touchscreens, they offer pressure sensitivity, and their input resolution is generally higher. While their pressure sensitivity and resolution are usually no better than regular tablets, they offer the added advantage of directly seeing the location of pen physical devices relative to the on-screen images. This often enables more tactile "real" feelings and feelings for the use of the device.
Manufacturers of Wacom graphics tablets hold many intellectual property patents on key technologies for graphics tablets, which force competitors to use other technologies or Wacom patent licenses. Display is often sold for thousands of dollars. For example, the Wacom Cintiq series ranges from just under US $ 1,000 to over US $ 2,000 .
Beberapa hybrida layar tablet graphis yang tersedia secara komersial meliputi:
- GAOMON series
- Seri Huion
- Parblo Coast and Mast Series
- UG-Series dari Ugee
- Product MVP10U, MSP19U day MVP22U Yiynova
- Seri Tooya dari PenPower
- GT-series dari Huion
- Hitachi Starboard
- Layar Interaktif Monoprice 19-Inch
- Bond Kingtee
- Product PenStar USync
- SenTIP dari Hanvon
- Product Tablet PC GD Itronix "Duo Touch"
- P-aktif XPC-1710a day XPC-1910a Papan Boogie Elektronik Improv
- Cintiq dari Wacom
There are also do-it-yourself projects where used LCD monitors and conventional graphics tablets have been converted into tablet graphics hybrid.
Usage
Graphical tablets, because stylus-based interfaces and their ability to detect some or all of the pressure, tilt, and other stylus attributes and their interactions with tablets, are widely considered to offer a very natural way to create computer graphics, especially two-dimensional computer graphics. Indeed, many graphics packages can utilize the pressure (and, occasionally, the stylus tilt or rotation) information generated by the tablet, by modifying the brush size, shape, opacity, color, or other attributes based on the data received from the graphics tablet.
In East Asia, graphics tablets, known as "pen tablets," are widely used in conjunction with input method editor software (IME) to write Chinese, Japanese and Korean characters (CJK). This technology is popular and cheap and offers a method to interact with computers in a more natural way than typing on the keyboard, with pen tablets replacing the role of computer mouse. The absorption of handwriting recognition among users who use alphabetical scripts is slower.
Graphics tablets are usually used in the art world. Using a pen-like stylus on a graphics tablet combined with a graphical editing program, such as Illustrator or Photoshop by Adobe Systems, or CorelDraw, gives artists plenty of precision when creating digital images or artwork. Photographers can also find working with graphics tablets during post processing they can actually speed up tasks such as creating a detailed mask mask or dodging and burning.
Educators use tablets in the classroom to project handwritten notes or lessons and to enable students to do the same, as well as provide feedback on student work sent electronically. Online teachers can also use tablets to mark student assignments, or for live tutorials or lessons, especially where complex visual information or mathematical equations are needed. Students also increasingly use them as a recording device, especially during university lectures while following along with lecturers.
Tablets are also popular for technical drawing and CAD, because one can usually put a piece of paper on them without interrupting their function.
Finally, the tablets are gaining popularity instead of a computer mouse as a pointing device. They can feel more intuitive for some users than the mouse, since the pen position on the tablet usually matches the location of the bookmark on the GUI displayed on the computer screen. Artists who use pens for graphic work will feel comfortable using tablets and pens for standard computer operations rather than putting pens and finding the mouse.
Graphics tablets are available in various sizes and price ranges; A6-sized tablets are relatively cheap and A3 sized tablets are much more expensive. Modern tablets are usually connected to a computer via a USB or HDMI interface.
Manufacturer
- Wacom Co.
- Ugee
- Huion
- GAOMON
- Monoprice
- Hanvon Co.
- iball
- Kanvus Co.
- PenPower
- Yiynova
- Logic Group
- XP-PEN
Similar devices
The interactive whiteboard offers a high resolution wall-resizing tablet of up to 95 "along with options for both pressure and multiple inputs, which is common in schools and meeting rooms around the world.
Touch screens like those found on some tablet computers, iPad, and Nintendo DS are operated in the same way, but they usually use optical grids or pressure sensitive films instead, and therefore they do not require special pointing devices.
Graphics tablets are also used for Audio-Haptic products where blind people or visually impaired touch the swell graphics graphics and get audio feedback from it. Products using this technology are called Tactile Talking Tablets or T3.
See also
- Handwriting movement analysis
- Digital images
- Light pen
- Pantographs
- Computing pen
- Top 7 BEST Picture Tablets
References
External links
- Photoshop Power Tab Vs Paupers Paint Pad - Comparison Between Graphic Tablets And Touch Pad
- Draw a Tablet Difference from a Graphics Tablet
- Bibliography annotated references for handwriting recognition and pen computing
- Notes on Pen-Based Computing History (YouTube)
- Top 7 BEST Picture Tablets
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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