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Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone is a fantasy novel written by the English writer J. K. Rowling. This is the first novel in the Harry Potter series and Rowling's debut novel, first published in 1997 by Bloomsbury. It was published in the United States as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone by Scholastic Corporation in 1998. The plot follows Harry Potter, a young magician who discovered his magic heritage on the eleventh birthday, when he received a letter of acceptance to the Hogwarts School of Magic and Witchcraft. Harry was close friends and several enemies during his freshman year at the Hogwarts School of Magic and Witchcraft. With the help of his friends, Harry faces a comeback attempt by the dark wizard Lord Voldemort, who killed Harry's parents but failed to kill Harry when he was only 15 months old.

This novel won most of the UK book awards rated by children and other awards in the US. This book reached the top of the New York Times best-selling fiction list in August 1999 and was near the top of the list for most of 1999 and 2000. This book has been translated into at least seventy-three other languages, and has made into a long movie of the same name, because it has its sixth sequel.

Most of the reviews are very favorable, commenting on Rowling's imagination, humor, simple, direct style and clever plot construction, though some complain that the last chapters seem to be in a hurry. This paper has been compared to Jane Austen, one of Rowling's favorite authors; Roald Dahl, whose works dominated children's stories before the advent of Harry Potter; and the Ancient Greek storyteller, Homer. While some commentators think the book is looking back to the stories of the Victorian and Edwardian pesantrens, others think it's placing the genre strongly in the modern world by displaying contemporary ethical and social issues, as well as overcoming obstacles like bullies.

Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, along with the rest of the Harry Potter series, have been attacked by several religious groups and banned in some countries for allegations that the novel promotes magic under the guise of a moral story heroic. Other religious commentators have written that this book exemplifies an important point of view, including the power of self-sacrifice and the manner in which people's decisions shape their personality. The series has been used as a source of object lessons in educational engineering, sociological analysis and marketing.


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Sinopsis

Plot

Harry Potter has lived an ordinary life, constantly abused by his cold and windy aunts and uncles, Vernon and Petunia Dursley and has been bullied by Dudley's spoiled son since the death of his parents ten years earlier. Her life changed on her eleventh birthday when she received a letter of acceptance to the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Magic, delivered by a giant named Rubeus Hagrid after the previous letter was destroyed by Vernon and Petunia. Hagrid explains Harry's hidden past as the wizards' son of James and Lily Potter, who is a magician and wizard respectively, and how they were killed by the most evil and powerful dark magic of all time, Lord Voldemort, who produced a year - Harry was sent to living with his aunt and uncle. The strangest thing about the murder is how Voldemort was unable to kill him, but instead his power was removed and blown up, fueling Harry's great fame among the wizarding community.

Hagrid introduced Harry to the magic world, bringing him to places like Diagon Alley, a hidden London street where Harry got Hedwig's owl and various school supplies, and the Gringotts Wizarding Bank, where he revealed the wealth left by his parents in his book. dome. There, he was surprised to discover how well-known he was between a witch and a magician.

A month later, Harry leaves the Dursleys' home to catch the Hogwarts Express from Hogwarts secret platform of King's Cross railway station, Platform 9Ã,¾. On the train, he quickly made friends with one-year-old Ronald Weasley and Hermione Granger, who was arrogant and his proximity to the spell initially caused the two boys to dislike him. There, Harry is also the enemy of another first year, Draco Malfoy, who shows prejudice against Ron over his family's financial difficulties.

Arriving at Hogwarts, the first years were given by the Magical Sorting Hat to the Houses that best suited their personalities, the four Houses were Gryffindor, Slytherin, Hufflepuff, and Ravenclaw. Harry hears from Ron about Slytherin's dark reputation known as the home of the potential dark magicians and magicians, and thus objects will be sorted into Slytherin even though Hat claims that Harry has the potential to thrive under the House. He ends up in Gryffindor with Ron and Hermione, while Draco is sorted into Slytherin like his entire family in front of him.

When the class begins at Hogwarts, Harry discovers his innate talent for flying over a broomstick despite no previous experience, and is recruited into his Quidditch team (competitive sports team wizard that is played in the air) as a Seeker. He also came to dislike School Potter teacher, Severus Snape, who is also Head of House Slytherin who acts with a bias in favor of his house members while continuing to look for opportunities to fail Harry and his friends. Malfoy deceives Harry and Ron in a duel in the trophy hall to get them out of their room at night and quietly tells Filch where they'll be. Hermione was accidentally forced to come after her attempt to stop them from failing and the Fat Lady (a woman who is portrayed guarding the entrance to Gryffindor's room) had left her picture. Harry, Ron, and Hermione then find Neville asleep outside the public area because he forgot his password. When they arrived in the trophy room Malfoy was not there and Filch was already there looking for them. They run away and finally run to the locked door that Hermione opened with a simple spell. This also led to the discovery of a three-headed dog standing firmly above a trapdoor in a forbidden corridor by Harry, Ron, Hermione and Neville. The peaceful school year is interrupted by the entrance of the troll to the school, which enters the women's bathroom where Hermione cries because Ron says that she is a "nightmare come true". But he was saved by Harry and Ron (who came on time) and, as a result, Hermione was grateful and the three became good friends. Coupled with Snape's recent leg injury as well as behavior, recent events prompted Harry, Hermione, and Ron to suspect him for finding his way into the trapdoor.

Hermione forbade the boys to investigate for fear of expulsion, and instead made Harry direct his attention to his first Quidditch match, where his broom began to lose control and threatened to throw it away. This caused Hermione to suspect that Snape was cursing Harry's broom for his strange behavior during the game. After the excitement of winning the game has subsided, Christmas approaches and Harry receives a transparent cloak from an anonymous source claiming that the cloak belonged to Harry's father. Using a cloak to explore the school at night to investigate the possibility of what lies beneath the trapdoor, he finds the Mirror of Evil, in which the audience sees his deepest desires come true.

A visit to Hagrid's cottage at the foot of the school led the trio to find a newspaper report stating that there was a Gringotts dome robbery trial - the same vault Hagrid and Harry had visited when Harry got his school stuff. Further carelessness of Hagrid allows them to know that the object that is stored under the trapdoor is the Sorcerer's Stone, which gives the user immortality and the ability to convert metal into pure gold. Harry was also told by a centaur named Firenze in the woods that the plan to steal the Stone is being governed by Voldemort himself, who plans to use it to be returned to his body and return to power. When the headmaster Albus Dumbledore was lured from Hogwarts under false pretenses, Harry, Hermione and Ron feared that the thefts would occur and went down through the trapdoor itself.

They face a series of obstacles, each requiring a unique skill possessed by one of three, and one of them requires Ron to sacrifice himself in a wizard-sized chess game. In the last room, Harry, now alone, finds Quirinus Quirrell, the Defense Against the Dark Arts teacher, who has become a man behind the scenes to kill Harry by cursing his broom and then letting the troll into the school. Snape seeks to protect Harry instead, who has persecuted him. Now, Quirrell is partly owned by Voldemort, whose face has grown behind Quirrell's head but is constantly concealed by his oversized turban. Voldemort needs Harry's help to get through the final hurdle: Blind Mirror, forcing him to stand in front of the Mirror. It recognizes Harry's lack of greed for Stone and secretly keeps it in his pocket. When Quirrell tried to grab the stone and kill Harry, his flesh burned contact with the boy's skin, and Quirrell burned alive.

Other staff members include the grieving Herbology teacher and Professor Flitwick's Hufflepuff House Professor Flitwick, a small and passionate Mantra teacher, and Head of House Ravenclaw, the soporous History teacher of Magic, Professor Binns, a ghost who apparently had not noticed his own death; and Mrs. Hooch, a strict Quidditch trainer, but a thoughtful and methodical teacher. The poltergeist Peeves wanders around the castle causing trouble wherever he can.

In the book, Rowling introduces the character of an eclectic cast. The first character that was introduced was Vernon Dursley, Harry's uncle. Much of the action center on the eponymous hero Harry Potter, an orphan who escaped his sad childhood with the Dursleys. Rowling envisions him as "a black, dreadlocked, unknowingly wizard" boy, and says he diverts some of his pain from losing his mother to him. During this book, Harry made two close friends, Ronald Weasley and Hermione Granger. Ron is described by Rowling as his best friend, "always there when you need him". Rowling has described Hermione as a "very logical, upright and good" character with "a lot of insecurity and great fear of failure under her simplicity".

Rowling also envisioned adult supporters. The headmaster of Hogwarts is a powerful but kind-hearted wizard, Albus Dumbledore, who became Harry's confidant. Rowling described it as "the symbol of goodness." His right hand is a severe Minerva McGonagall, which, according to the author "under the rough exterior" is "slightly soft old", Rubeus Hagrid is half-giant friendly, who rescues Harry from the Dursleys, and Snape Severus is creepy.. Professor Quirrell is also featured in this novel.

The main antagonist is Draco Malfoy, an elitist classmate, intimidation, and Lord Voldemort, the strongest evil wizard who becomes bodyless when he tries to kill Harry's baby. According to a 1999 interview with Rowling, Voldemort's character was created as a literary foil for Harry, and his backstory was deliberately not removed at first:

The basic idea... Harry, I see Harry very clearly. Very clear. And I know he did not know he was a magician. [...] So then I kind of work backwards from that position to find out how it can happen, that he will not know who he is. [...] When he was a year old, the most wicked magician for hundreds and hundreds of years tried to kill him. He killed Harry's parents, and then he tried to kill Harry - he tried to curse him. [...] And - so - but for some mysterious reason, the curse did not work on Harry. So he goes with a lightning-shaped scar on his forehead and the curse bounces off on the evil magician, who has been hiding ever since.


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Development, publication and acceptance

Development

The book, which is Rowling's debut novel, was written between about June 1990 and sometime in 1995. In 1990, Jo Rowling, as he preferred to be known, wanted to move with his girlfriend to a flat in Manchester and in his words, " On a weekend after a flat hunt, I took the train back to London alone and the idea for Harry Potter fell into my head... A spectacular, dark-haired, bespectacled boy became more and more of a magician to me. started writing the Philosopher's Stone the same night, although the first few pages did not look like finished products. "Then Rowling's mother died and, to deal with her pain, Rowling diverted her misery to Harry's orphan. Rowling spent six years working for Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, and after being accepted by Bloomsbury, he earned £ 8,000 from the Scottish Arts Council, allowing him to plan his sequel. He sent the book to agents and publishers, and then the second agent he approached spent a year trying to sell the book to publishers, many of whom thought it was too long about 90,000 words. Barry Cunningham, who is building a special fantasy portfolio by new authors for Bloomsbury Children's Books, recommends accepting the book, and eight-year-old Bloomsbury chief executive says "much better than others".

Publication and acceptance in the United Kingdom

Bloomsbury received the book, paying Rowling an advance of £ 2,500, and Cunningham sent copies of the evidence to carefully selected authors, critics and book sellers for quoted comments when the book was released. She cares less about the length of the book than about the name of the author, because the title sounds like a boy's book to her, and she believes that boys prefer books by male authors. Rowling therefore adopts nom de plume J.K. Rowling before publication. In June 1997, Bloomsbury published Philosopher's Stone with an initial print of 500 copies in hardback, three hundred of which were distributed to libraries. His real name, "Joanne Rowling", can be found in a small print in the first edition of the English edition. (The first American edition of 1998 will remove the reference to "Joanne" completely.) The initial short print is the standard for the first novel, and Cunningham hopes the bookseller will read the book and recommend it to the customer. An example of this initial print has been sold for US $ 33,460 in Heritage Auction 2007.

Lindsey Fraser, who previously supplied one of the praise comments, wrote what was considered the first published review, on The Scotsman on June 28, 1997. He described Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. as "a very entertaining thriller" and Rowling as "first-rate writer for children". Another preliminary review, at The Herald, said, "I have not found a child who can put it down." Newspapers outside Scotland began to notice the book, with glowing reviews on The Guardian, The Sunday Times and The Mail on Sunday, and on September 1997 Books for Keeps , a magazine that specializes in children's books, gives novels four stars out of five. The Mail on Sunday rated it as "the most imaginative debut since Roald Dahl"; a view echoed by the Sunday Times ("a comparison for Dahl is, this time, justified"), while The Guardian calls it "a highly textured novel given rapture by intelligence inventive "and The Scotsman says it has" all the classic flair ".

In 1997, the British edition won the National Book Award and the gold medal in the category of 9 years to 11 years from the NestlÃÆ' © Smarties Book Prize. The Smarties Awards, chosen by children, make this book famous within six months of publication, while most children's books have to wait for years. The following year, Philosopher's Stone won almost all other major UK awards, decided by the children. It was also chosen to award children's books that were decided by adults, but did not win. Sandra Beckett commented that books that are popular with children are considered not easy and do not conform to the highest literary standards - for example the literary establishment underestimates the works of Roald Dahl, the children who so loved before the rise of Rowling's books. In 2003, the novel was listed at number 22 on the BBC's The Big Read survey.

Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone won two award-winning publishing industries for sales rather than literary rewards, the Book Book of the Yearbook Book of British Book Awards and Book Composers Bookstore in This year. In March 1999, the UK edition had sold over 300,000 copies, and the story was still the best-selling title in the UK in December 2001. The Braille edition was published in May 1998 by Scottish Braille Press.

The 9Ã, Plat platform, from which the Hogwarts Express leaves London, is celebrated at King's Cross train station in real life with signs and trolleys that seem to pass through the walls.

AS. publication and reception

Scholastic Corporation purchased US rights at the Bologna Book Fair in April 1997 for a price of US $ 105,000, an unusually high amount for children's books. They think that a child does not want to read the book with the word "philosopher" in the title and, after some discussion, the American edition was published in September 1998 with the title that Rowling suggests, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone. Rowling later claimed that he regretted this change and would struggle if he was in a stronger position at the time. Philip Nel has pointed out that the change is losing touch with alchemy, and the meanings of some other terms change in translation, eg from "crumpet" to "muffin". While Rowling accepts a change from English "mother" English and Irish variant Seamus Finnigan "mam" to "mother" in Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, he vetoed this change in later books, which was then reversed in the next edition of Philosopher's Stone . However, Nel considers that Scholastic's translation is far more sensitive than most of the imposed on English English books of the time, and that some other changes may be considered useful copies. Since the English edition of the initial title in the series was published several months before the American version, some American readers became familiar with British English versions for purchasing them from online retailers.

Initially, the most prestigious reviewers ignored the book, leaving it to order trade and library publications such as Kirkus and Books List , checking only with the entertainment-oriented criteria of child fiction. However, the sharper specialist reviews (such as the one by the Choice of Co-operative Children's Book Center , which shows the complexity, depth and consistency of the world built by Rowling) attract the attention of reviewers in major newspapers. Although the Boston Globe and Michael Winerip at The New York Times complained that the final chapter is the weakest part of this book, they and most other American reviewers gave luminous praise. A year later, the US edition was selected as the American Library Association Notable Book, a Publishers Weekly Best Book of 1998 and New York Public Library 1998, Best Year of the Year, and won the Parenting Magazine s Book of the Year Award for 1998, Best School Journal Book of the Year, and American Library Association Best Book for Young Adults.

In August 1999, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone occupied the best-selling New York Times fiction list, and were near the top of the list for most of 1999 and 2000, until > The New York Times divides the list into sections of children and adults under pressure from other publishers eager to see their books placed higher. Weekly Publishers' Reports in December 2001 on cumulative sale of children's fiction puts Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone 19th among hardbacks (over 5 million copies) and 7 among novels ( more than 6.6 million copies).

In May 2008, Scholastic announced the creation of the 10th Anniversary Edition of the book which was released on October 1, 2008 to mark the tenth anniversary of the original American release. For the fifteenth anniversary of the book, Scholastic released the Sorcerer's Stone again, along with six other novels in the series, with a new cover art by Kazu Kibuishi in 2013.

Translation

In the middle of 2008, the official translation of the book has been published in 67 languages. On September 11, 2017, the official translation of the book has been published in 74 languages. Bloomsbury has published translations in Latin and Ancient Greek, and the latter is described as "one of the most important parts of Ancient Greek prose written in centuries".

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Style and theme

Philip Nel highlights the effects of Jane Austen, whom Rowling greatly admired since the age of twelve. Both novelists strongly encourage re-reading, because the seemingly insignificant detail describes an important event or character later on in the storyline - for example Sirius Black is briefly mentioned near the beginning of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, and then become the main character in the third to fifth book. Like Austen's hero, Harry often had to re-examine his ideas near the end of the book. Some of the social behaviors in Harry Potter books are reminiscent of Austen, such as reading passionate communal letters. Both authors satir social behavior and give names of characters that express their personality. However, in Nel's opinion, Rowling's humor is based more on caricatures and the names he finds more similar to those found in the Charles Dickens tales, and Amanda Cockrell notes that many of them reveal the characteristics of their owners through the mystifying allusions of mythology Ancient Rome to the eighteenth century-century German literature. Rowling, like the author of the Narnia series, C.S. Lewis, argues that there is no firm distinction between stories for children and adults. Nel also notes that, like many good writers for children, Rowling incorporates the literary genre? -? Fantasy, young adult fiction, boarding school stories, Bildungsroman and many others.

Some reviewers compare the Philosopher's Stone to the stories of Roald Dahl, who died in 1990. Many writers since the 1970s have been hailed as his successors, but none have achieved anything close to his popularity with children and, in a poll conducted immediately after the launch of Philosopher's Stone , seven of the ten most popular children's books were by Dahl, including one at the top. The only other very popular children writer in the late 1990s was an American, R. L. Stine. Some of the story elements in Philosopher's Stone resemble part of Dahl's story. For example, the heroes of James and the Giant Peach lost their parents and had to live with a pair of unpleasant aunts? -? One fat and a thin one a bit like Mr. and Mrs. Dursley, who treats Harry as a servant. But Harry Potter is a distinctive creation, capable of taking on the responsibilities of an adult while still keeping a child inside.

Librarian Nancy Knapp and marketing professor Stephen Brown recorded the liveliness and detailed descriptions, especially store scenes like Diagon Alley. Tad Brennan commented that Rowling's writing is similar to Homer: "fast, simple, and direct expression." Stephen King admires "a kind of playful detail that only English fantasism seems capable" and concludes that they work because Rowling enjoys a quick laugh and then moves quickly ahead.

Nicholas Tucker describes early Harry Potter books when looking back at the stories of Victorian and Edwardian children: Hogwarts is an old-style boarding school where teachers speak formally with their surnames and care most about with the reputation of the homes where they relate; character personality clearly demonstrated by their appearance, starting with the Dursleys; evil or evil characters must be destroyed rather than reformed, including Filch Mrs. Norris cat; and a hero, an abused orphan who finds his true place in life, is charismatic and clever in sports, but concerns and protects against the weak. Some other commentators claim that the books present a highly layered society, including many social stereotypes. But Karin Westerman drew parallels with Britain in the 1990s: a class system that broke down but was defended by those whose power and status were upheld; the multi-ethnic composition of Hogwarts students; racial tension between various intelligent species; and school bullying.

Susan Hall writes that there is no rule of law in the books, because the actions of Ministry officials of Wizardry are not limited by law, liability or any kind of legal challenge. This provides an opportunity for Voldemort to offer a dire version of his order. As a side effect, Harry and Hermione, who grew up in a highly regulated Muggle world, find solutions by thinking in unusual ways for magicians. For example, Hermione notes that one of the obstacles to finding the Sorcerer's Stone is a test of logic rather than supernatural powers, and that most magicians do not have a chance to solve it.

Nel suggests that the unattractive characterization of the highly conventional, status-conscious, and materialistic Dursleys is Rowling's reaction to the British government's family policy in the early 1990s, which treats married heterosexual couples as "preferred norms", while the author is a mother single. Harry's relationship with adults and adolescent wizards is based on love and loyalty. This is reflected in his happiness whenever he is a member while the Weasleys family throughout the series, and in his first treatment Rubeus Hagrid and then Remus Lupine and Sirius Black as father figures.

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Legacy

Sequel

The second book, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets , was originally published in England on July 2, 1998 and later, in the US on June 2, 1999. Harry Potter and the Prisoner from Azkaban published a year later in the UK on July 8, 1999 and in the US on September 8, 1999. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire was published on July 8, 2000 at the same time by Bloomsbury and Scholastic. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is the longest book in the series in 766 pages in the English version and 870 pages in the US version. It was published worldwide in English on June 21, 2003. Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince was published on July 16, 2005 and sold 11 million copies in the first 24 hours of its worldwide release. The seventh and final novel, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows , was published on July 21, 2007. The book sold 11 million copies within 24 hours of its release: 2.7 million copies in the UK and 8.3 million in America.

Illustrative version

The illustrated version of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone was released on October 6, 2015, illustrated by Jim Kay. This book carries over 100 illustrations and will be followed by an illustrated version of all seven books of the series by the same artist.

Movie version

In 1999, Rowling sold the movie rights of the first four Harry Potter books to Warner Bros.. to report Ã, Â £ 1 million ($ 1,982,900). Rowling demanded that the main cast is tightly guarded by Britain but allowed to casting Irish actors such as the late Richard Harris as Dumbledore and foreign actor as characters of the same nationality in later books. After extensive casting, filming began in September 2000 at Leavesden Film Studios and in London, with production ending in July 2001. Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone was released in London on November 14, 2001. The reviewers' comments were positive , as reflected by an 80% Fresh rating on Rotten Tomatoes and with a score of 64% in Metacritic, representing a "favorable overview".

Video game

Five unique video games by different developers were released between 2001 and 2003 by Electronic Arts, which are loosely based on movies and books:

Use in education and business

The author on the subject of education and business has used the book as an object lesson. Writing about clinical teaching in medical school, Jennifer Conn contrasts Snape's technical expertise with his intimidating behavior toward students. Quidditch coach, Madam Hooch on the other hand, illustrates useful techniques in teaching physical skills, including breaking down complex actions into simple sequences and helping students avoid common mistakes. Joyce Fields writes that the books illustrate four of the five major topics in the first-year sociology class: "sociological concepts including culture, society, and socialization, social stratification and inequality, social institutions, and social theory."

Stephen Brown notes that Harry Potter's early books, especially Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, were successful successes despite inadequate and disorganized marketing. Brown advises marketing executives not to be too busy with rigorous statistical analysis and "management, planning, implementation, and control" models of management. Instead, he recommends that they should treat the story as a "marketing masterclass", full of interesting product and brand names. For example, real-world analogs from Bertie Bott's Every Flavor Beans were introduced under license in 2000 by Hasbro's toga maker.

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Releasing history


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Footnote

Note

References


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External links

  • Harry Potter - Wikipedia book
  • Quotes related to Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone on Wikiquote
  • Background information and storyline from Harry Potter Lexicon
  • Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone at the Open Library in the Internet Archive

Source of the article : Wikipedia

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