Robert Dennis Crumb (born August 30, 1943) is an American cartoonist and musician who often signs his work R.Ã, Crumb . His work featured nostalgia for American folk culture in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and a satire of contemporary American culture.
Crumb was a prolific artist and contributed to many of the seminal works of the underground comix movement in the 1960s, including being the founder of the first successful underground comix publication, Zap Comix, contributing to 16 issues. He has also contributed in East Village Other and many other publications, including various one-off comics and anthology. During this time, inspired by psychedelics and cartoons from the 1920s and 1930s, he introduced a variety of characters that became very popular, including countercultural icons Fritz the Cat and Mr. Natural, and pictures from his book Keep on Truckin ' strip. Sexual themes abound in all these projects, often turning into scatological and pornographic comics. In the mid-1970s, he contributed to the Arcade anthology; following the decline of the underground, it moves toward the subject of biography and autobiography while perfecting the image style, a very crossover pen-and-ink style inspired by 19th century and early 20th century cartoons. Most of his work appeared in a magazine he founded, Weirdo (1981-1993), which is one of the most famous publications of the era of alternative comics. As his career grew, his comic work became more autobiographical.
In 1991, Crumb was inducted into the comic book Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame. She is married to cartoonist Aline Kominsky-Crumb, with whom she often collaborates. Their daughter, Sophie Crumb, also follows a cartoon career.
Video Robert Crumb
Kehidupan awal (1943-1966)
Robert Crumb was born on August 30, 1943, in Philadelphia in a British Catholic household and a Scottish ancestor. His father, CharlesÃ, V. Crumb, wrote the book Training of Effective People , and is a 20-year-old Combat Illustrator in the United States Marine Corps. Her mother Beatrice is a housewife who has reportedly been abusing diet pills and amphetamines. Charles and Beatrice's marriage was unhappy and the children often witnessed the arguments of their parents. The couple had four other children: Charles Junior's son (1942-93) and Maxon (b) 1944), both suffering from mental illness; and Carol's daughter (b.Ã, 1940) and Sandra (1946-1998). The family moved to Milford, Delaware, when Crumb was twelve; there he is an average student whose teacher is very discouraging of cartoons.
Inspired by the works of Walt Kelly, animated Fleischer Brothers, and others, Crumb and his brothers drew their own comics. Crumb's cartooning developed when his brother Charles pushed him and gave him constant critical feedback on his work. In 1958 the brothers published their own three Foo issues in imitating the Harvey Kurtzman satire Humbug and Mad. They sold them door to door with little success, hunting young Crumb in the comic book business. At the age of fifteen, Crumb became obsessed with collecting jazz and blues from the 1920s to the 1940s. At the age of 16, he left the Catholic faith.
Maps Robert Crumb
Careers
Earning_work_ (1962-1966) >
Crumb's father gave him $ 40 when he left home after high school. His first job, in 1962, was to draw a new greeting card for American Greetings in Cleveland, Ohio. He lived in the company for four years, producing hundreds of cards for the Hi-Brow line of the company; his superiors made him draw in a cuter style that left a mark on his work throughout his career. At Cleveland he meets a group of young bohemians like Buzzy Linhart, Liz Johnston, and Harvey Pekar. Unsatisfied with the work of a greeting card, he tried to sell cartoons to a comic book company, which showed little interest in his work. In 1965, cartoonist Harvey Kurtzman printed some of Crumb's works in an edited humor magazine, Please! . Crumb moved to New York, intending to work with Kurtzman, but Please! stop publishing immediately after that. Squeeze bubblegum cards that are briefly illustrated for the Topps before returning to Cleveland and American Greetings.
Crumb married Dana Morgan in 1964. Almost poor, the couple traveled in Europe, where Crumb continued to produce jobs for Kurtzman and American Greetings, and Dana stole food. The relationship was unstable because Crumb often went his own way, and he was not close to his son Jesse (b) 1965).
In 1965 and 1966 Crumb had a number of Fritz the Cat strips published in Cavalier's men's magazine. Fritz has appeared in Crumb since the early 1950s; he became a hipster, hoax artist, and bohemian until Crumb left the character in 1969.
Crumbs became increasingly uncomfortable with work and marriage when in June 1965 he started taking LSD, a psychedelic drug that was still legal. He has a good and bad trip. One bad trip left him in a state of chaos for half a year, for a while he left Dana; the state ended when both took a powerful dose of medicine together in April 1966. Crumb created some of his most famous characters during the years of LSD use, including Mr. Natural, Angelfood McSpade, and Snoid.
Zap and underground comix (1967 - 1979)
In January 1967 Crumb met two friends at a bar who were about to go to San Francisco; Crumb was interested in the work of a San Francisco-based poster of psychedelic poster, and asked idly if he could join them. There, he donated LSD-inspired counter-cultural work to an underground newspaper. The work was popular, and Crumb was inundated with requests, including to illustrate the full problem of Yarrowstalks Philadelphia .
The independent publisher Don Donahue invited Crumb to make comic books; Crumb drew two issues of Zap Comix, and Donahue published the first in February 1968 under the name of the publisher Apex Novelties. Crumb had a hard time initially finding a retailer who would keep it, and at first his wife took the first sell out of the stroller.
Crumb meets the cartoonist S. Clay Wilson, an art school graduate who sees himself as a rebel against American middle-class values ​​and a rough and horrific comic. Wilson's attitude inspired Crumb to abandon cartoonist ideas as an entertainer and focus on comics as an open and uncensored expression of self; in particular, his work soon became sexually explicit, as in the Snatch pornography he and Wilson had produced in late 1968.
The second issue of Zap appeared in June with contributions from Wilson and poster artists Victor Moscoso and Rick Griffin. In December, Donahue published an unreleased edition as # 0 and a new third edition with Gilbert Shelton joining the regular list. Zap is financially successful, and is developing a market for underground comix.
Crumb was a productive cartoonist in the late 1960s and early 1970s; At its peak, it produced 320 pages for two years. He produced many of his most famous works at the time, including the Keep on Truckin ' strip, and a strip featuring characters like bohemian Fritz the Cat, spiritual teacher. Natural, and overly stereotypical African-American. Angelfood McSpade. During this period, he launched a series of solo titles, including Despair , Uneeda (both published by Print Mint in 1969), Big Ass Comics < R. Crumb's Comics and Stories Motor City Comics (all published by Rip Off Press in 1969), Home Grown Funnies (Kitchen Sink Press , 1971) and Hytone Comix (Apex Novelties, 1971), in addition to establishing pornographic Jiz and Snatch (both Apex Novelties, 1969).
Weirdo (1980-1993)
While meditating in 1980, Crumb understood a magazine with a low aesthetic inspired by punk zines, Madly's, and men's magazines of the 1940s and 1950s. From 1981 Crumb edited the first eight issues of the twenty-eight Weirdo breakout edition , published by Last Gasp; his contribution and tastes determine the content of the subsequent issues as well, edited by Peter Bagge to # 16, and Aline for the rest of the run. The magazine features new and old cartoons, and has mixed responses; Art Spiegelman, who edited the slogan Raw , referred to it as "a piece of dirt", and Crumb's fumetti was so unpopular that it never appeared in the Crumb collection.
Next life (1994-present)
The Crumbs moved to a house in southeastern France in 1991, which is said to have been financed by the sale of six books of Crumb sketches. The documentary film directed by Terry Zwigoff appeared in 1994 - a project in which Zwigoff has worked since 1985. The film won several major critical awards.
From 1987 to 2005, Fantagraphics Books published seventeen volumes of Complete Crumb Comics and ten volumes of sketches. Crumb (as "R. Crumb") contributes regularly to Mineshaft magazine, which since 2009, has serialized "Excerpt From R. Crumb's Dream Diary".
In 2009, after four years of work, Crumb produced The Book of Genesis , a graphic novel version illustrated from the Book of Genesis of the Bible.
In January 2015, Crumb was asked to send a cartoon to the leftwing Libegation magazine as a tribute to the shooting of Charlie Hebdo. He sent a picture titled "A Cowardly Cartoonist," which illustrates the back of Crumb's friend Mohamid Bakshi, while referring to Muhammad, the founder of Islam.
Professional collaboration
A friend of comic book author Harvey Pekar, Crumb illustrated more than 30 stories about Pekar's in the American Splendor award winning comic book series, especially in the first eight editions (1976-1983). Crumb collaborated with his wife, Aline Kominsky-Crumb, in many stripes and comics, including the Comic Laundry Comics, and the work published at The New Yorker .
Crumb's work also appeared in Nasty Tales, a British underground comic of the 1970s. The publisher was released in a famous 1972 obscenity court in Old Bailey in London; the first case involving comics. Providing evidence at the hearing, one of the defendants said about Crumb: "He is the most extraordinary, surely the most interesting, the artist who emerges from the underground, and this (Dirty Dog) is a very high Rabelaisian satire. to convey the view of social hypocrisy. "
In 1978, Crumb allowed his art to be used as a rubber stamp design by Top Drawer Rubber Stamp Company, a collaboration between cartoonist Art Spiegelman, publisher FranÃÆ'§oise Mouly. and people living in the Quarry Hill Creative Center in Rochester, Vermont. Citra R. Crumb proved to be some of the most popular designs produced by this avant-garde image stamp company.
In the 1980s and 1990s, Crumb illustrated a number of writers Charles Bukowski's story, including his collection The Captain Is Out to Lunch and Sailors have taken over the ship and the story "Bring Me Your Love."
In 1984-5 Crumb produced a series of illustrations for the 10th anniversary edition of environmental-themed environmental novel Edward Abbey The Monkey Wrench Gang , published in 1985 by Dream Garden Press from Salt Lake City. Many of these illustrations also appear in the 1987 Monkey Wrench Gang calendar, and remain available in T-shirts.
Crumb's collaboration with David Zane Mairowitz, a biography and bibliography of some illustrations, Introducing Kafka (1993), aka Kafka for Beginners, is one of his less sexual and satirical-oriented works. intellect-like work. This is well known and well received, and because of its popularity is republished as R. Crumb's Kafka .
A theater production based on his work was produced at Duke University in the early 1990s. Directed by Johnny Simons, and starring Avner Eisenberg and Nicholas de Wolff, drama development is watched by Crumb, who also serves as a set of designers, drawing a greater representation of the lives of some of his most famous characters across the floor and wall sets.
Music project
Crumb has often drawn comics about his musical interests in blues, country, bluegrass, cajun, French Bal-musette, jazz, big band and swing music from the 1920s and 1930s, and they also greatly influenced the soundtrack choices for his teammate Zwigoff 1994 Crumb documentary. In 2006, he prepared, compiled and illustrated R. Crumb's Heroes of Blues, Jazz & amp; Country , with accompanying CDs, from three series of trading cards published in the 1980s.
Crumb is the leader of the band R. Crumb & amp; His cheap Serenaders Suit, where he sings lead vocals, writes songs and plays banjo and other instruments. Crumb often plays mandolins with Eden and John's River String Band and has pulled three covers for them: 2009 Drunken Barrel House Blues , 2008 Some Cold Rain Days , and 2011 Be kind to the Man When He Drops where he plays mandolin. With Dominique Cravic, he founded "Les Primitifs du Futur" - a French-style band based on musette Ã,/folk, jazz and blues - and played on the 2000 album World Musette . She also provides cover art for this and other albums.
Crumb has released an anthologizing CD of old original performances obtained from a collection of 78-rpm LPs. It's What I Called Sweet Music released in 1999 and Hot Women: Woman Singer from the Torrid Region in 2009. Crumb drew art covers for this CD as well.
In 2013, Crumb played mandolin with Eden and John East River String Band on their album Take A Look at That Baby and also participated in the accompanying music video.
Album cover
Crumb has illustrated many album covers, including the most striking Cheap Thrills by Big Brother and the Holding Company and The Music Never Stopped: Roots of the Grateful Dead compilation album.
Between 1974 and 1984, Crumb drew at least 17 album covers for Yazoo Records/Blue Goose Records, including from Cheap Serenaders Suit. He also created a revised logo and design record label Blue Goose Records used since 1974 and beyond.
In 1992 and 1993, Robert Crumb was involved in a project by the Dutch formation of The Beau Hunks and provided cover art for both of their albums. The Beau Hunks played Laurel & Hardy music 1 and 2. He also illustrated the album book.
In 2009, Crumb drew an artwork for a 10-CD traditional French music anthology composed by Guillaume Veillet for FrÃÆ'Â © meaux & amp; AssociÃÆ'Â © s. The following year, he created three works of art for Christopher King's Aimer Et Perdre: To Love And To Lose Songs, 1917-1934 and, in 2011, he again played mandolin in Eden and the John's East River The String Band ( Be Kind to a Man When He Down ) where he also made an artwork cover artwork.
Style
As told by Crumb in his biography, his artwork is very conventional and traditional at first. Previous work shows this more controlled style. In Crumb's own words, it was a long drug trip on LSD that "made her run for two months" and caused her to adopt the surrealistic, psychedelic style she had known.
Crumbs have been recognized for their attention to detail and satire, but have also produced a large number of controversies for graphic images and deeply disturbing sexuality and psychology. There was a feminist reaction to his comics because they became more "very disrespectful, because he graphically poured what was basically his masturbation fantasy onto a printed page," she was raped, mutilated, mutilated and killed, sometimes at once.
A fellow in the field of underground comics, Victor Moscoso, commented on his first impression of Crumb's work, in the mid-1960s, before meeting Crumb in person: "I do not know if it was a young man drawing young, or young men drawing old. "Robert Crumb's cartoon style has portrayed the work of previous cartoon artists, including Billy DeBeck (Barney Google), CE Brock (old storybook illustrator), Gene Ahern comics, Basil Wolverton (Powerhouse Pepper), George Baker (Sad Sack) character of Ub Iwerks for animation, Isadore Freleng's image for early Merrie Melody and Looney Tunes of the 1930s, Sidney Smith ( The Gumps ), Rube Goldberg, EC Fresh (Popeye) and Bud Fisher (Mutt and Jeff ). Crumb has quoted Carl Barks, who illustrated Disney's "Donald Duck" and John Stanley (Little Lulu) comics as a formative influence in his narrative approach, as well as Harvey Kurtzman from the famous Mad magazine.
Crumb also cited the use of his extensive LSD as a factor that made him develop his unique style.
After issuing 0 and 1 Zap, Crumb started working with others, the first being S. Clay Wilson. Crumb said, about when he first saw Wilson's work "The content is something I've never seen before,... a nightmare about hell on earth..." And "Suddenly my own work looks bland.."
Crumb remains a prominent figure, both as an artist and an influence, in an alternative comic environment. He is hailed as a genius by the talents of comic books such as Jaime Hernandez, Daniel Clowes, and Chris Ware. In the fall of 2008, the Institute of Contemporary Art in Philadelphia held a great exhibition of his work, well-reviewed in The New York Times and at The Philadelphia Inquirer.
Crumbing recurring characters
- Angelfood McSpade - a large black woman who is portrayed as a racist African native caricature. She is usually described as being sexually exploited or manipulated by men.
- BoBo Bolinski - "dragonfly"
- The Devil Girl - the type of Amazon that became the object of the obsession. Natural in later comics; real name Cheryl Borck
- Ackley Egg - a cheerful young egg seller
- Flakey Floont - a neurotic student. Natural
- Fritz the cat - a cat fraud who often does wild adventures that sometimes involve sexual adventures
- Honeybunch Kaminski - juvenile escapist and ProJunior boyfriend
- Lenore Goldberg - leader of the young women's revolutionary group
- Sir. Natural - unreliable holy man
- Shuman the Human - another neurotic male character
- The SnoidÃ, - small sex demons and irritating presence
Awards and honor
Crumb has received several awards for his work, including nominations for the Harvey Special Award for Humor in 1990 and the AngoulÃÆ'ªme Grand Prix in 1999.
With Jack Kirby, Will Eisner, Harvey Kurtzman, Gary Panter, and Chris Ware, Crumb is one of the respected artists at the "Master of American Comics" exhibition at the Jewish Museum in New York City, from 16 September 2006 to 28 January 2007.
In 2017, Crumb's original cover for the 1969 "Fritz the Cat" collection published by Ballantine was sold at auction for $ 717,000, the highest selling price ever for that time for any American cartoon artwork.
In media
In addition to many brief television reports, there are at least three television or documentary films dedicated to Crumb. Before the 1972 film version of Fritz the Cat , Austrian journalist Georg Stefan Troller (de: Georg Stefan Troller) interviewed Crumb for a thirty-minute documentary entitled Comics und Katerideen on the life and art of Crumb - which he describes as "the epitome of popular contemporary North American white art" - as the episode of his Personenbeschreibung (literally "Person Explanation") documentary broadcasts in German TV network ZDF. The documentary also includes the upcoming "filming" movie appearance [then?] Fritz , featuring a production background interview with Ralph Bakshi. In the mid to late 2000s, it can still be seen in rotation as part of the Personenbeschreibung series on ZDF's dedicated digital channel ZDFdokukanal (in 2009 replaced by the new ZDFneo channel).
In the 2003 American Splendor film, Crumb was described by James Urbaniak. Crumb Aline's wife is quoted as saying she hates interpretation and will never marry Robert if she is such.
In 2006, Crumb brought legal action against Amazon.com after their Web site used the widely known version of the character "Keep on Truckin". The case is expected to be settled out of court.
Aesop Rock underground rap artist mentions Crumb several times in the lyrics, including in the song "Catacomb Kids" from None Shall Pass album and "Nickel Plated Pockets" from his "Daylight" EP.
Rumby Obsessions Crumb's Sex, the most privately oriented collection of sexually-oriented comic strips and strips, was released by TASCHEN publication in November 2007. In August 2011, after security concerns, Crumb canceled plans to visit Graphic 2011 festivals in Sydney, Australia after the tabloids labeled him a "sexually obscene sex self-confessed" in an article titled "Cult genius or a disgusting freak?".
In 2012, Crumb appeared in five episodes of the John Old Time Radio Show that talked about old music, sex, aliens and Bigfoot. He also played 78-rpm footage from his record room in southern France. He has appeared on the show and recorded at least fourteen podcasts an hour.
Personal life
Crumb had been married twice: to Dana Morgan in 1964 who gave birth to their son Jesse in 1968. Crumb met the cartoonist Aline Kominsky in 1972; Their relationship soon changed seriously and they began to live together (on the same property shared by Dana Crumb). In 1978, Crumb divorced Dana and married Aline, with whom Crumb had collaborated frequently. In September 1981 Aline gave birth to Crumb's second child, Sophie. They moved to a small village near Sauve in southern France in 1991.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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