Animal Farm

src: drunkguysbookclub.com

Animal Husbandry is an allegorical novel by George Orwell, first published in England on August 17, 1945. According to Orwell, this book reflects events leading to the Russian Revolution of 1917 and then entered into Stalinist era in the Soviet Union. Orwell, a democratic socialist, was a critic of Joseph Stalin and hostile to Moscow-directed Stalinism, an attitude critically shaped by his experience during the Spanish Civil War. The Soviet Union, he argues, has become a brutal dictatorship, built on a personality cult and upheld by terror. In a letter to Yvonne Davet, Orwell described Animal Farm as a satirical tale against Stalin (" un conte satirique contre Staline ), and in his essay "Why I Write" (1946), writes that Animal Farm is the first book in which he tried, with full awareness of what he did, "to combining political goals and artistic goals into a single entity. "

The original title is Animal Farm: A Fairy Story; US publishers dropped subtitles when they were published in 1946, and only one translation during Orwell's lifetime kept them. Other titular variations include subtitles such as " A Satire " and " A Satire Contemporary ". Orwell suggested title Union des rÃƒÆ' Ã‚ Â© Publiques socialistes animaleses for the French translation, which condense into URSA, the Latin word for " bear ", the Russian symbol. It also played on the French name of the Soviet Union, Union des rÃƒÆ' Publiques socialistes soviÃƒÆ' Ã‚ Â© Ã‚ Â© tiques .

Orwell wrote the book between November 1943 and February 1944, when Britain was in wartime alliance with the Soviet Union and the British and intellectuals considered Stalin to be very high, a phenomenon that Orwell hated. The manuscript was initially rejected by a number of British and American publishers, including one belonging to Orwell, Victor Gollancz, which delayed its publication. This became a major commercial success when it arose in part because international relations changed when the wartime alliance turned into the Cold War.

Time selected the book as one of the 100 best English novels (1923 to 2005); it also appeared at number 31 in the Best Modern Library List of 20-Century Novels. It won the Retrospective Hugo Award in 1996, and was included in the Great Books of Western World elections.

Video Animal Farm

Ringkasan plot

Old Major, an old boar at Manor Farm, called the animals on a farm together for a meeting, where he referred to humans as "enemies" and taught them a revolutionary song called "Beasts of England".

When the Major died, two young pigs, Snowball and Napoleon, received orders and considered it a duty to prepare for the Uprising. The animals rebelled, rode in drunks, irresponsible farmers, Mr Jones, and Mrs. Jones and other caregivers and human employees, outside the farm, named it "Animal Farm". They adopt the Seven Commandments of Animalism, the most important being, "All animals are equal".

The snow ball teaches animals to read and write, while Napoleon educates young puppies on the principles of Animalism. The food is plentiful, and the ranch runs smoothly. Pigs lift themselves into leadership positions and set aside special foods, as if for their personal health.

Some time later, some men attacked Animal Farm. Jones and his men are trying to reclaim the farm, helped by some other farmers who fear a similar animal rebellion. Snowballs and animals, hiding in ambushes, defeated the men by launching a surprise attack as soon as they entered the fields. Snowball's popularity soared, and the event was proclaimed as "The Battle of the Buffalo". It is celebrated every year by firing weapons, on the anniversary of the Revolution. Napoleon and Snowball compete for excellence. When Snowball announced his plan to modernize agriculture by building a windmill, Napoleon had his dogs chase Snowball and declare himself a leader.

Napoleon imposed changes to the structure of agricultural governance, replacing a meeting with a pig committee that would run the farm. Through a young pig named Squealer, Napoleon claims credit for the idea of â€‹â€‹a windmill. The animals work harder with the promise of an easier life with a windmill. When the animals found the windmill to collapse after a violent storm, Napoleon and Squealer assured the animals that Snowball was trying to sabotage their project.

After Snowball became a scapegoat, Napoleon began cleaning up the farm with his dogs, killing the animals he alleged with his old rivals. When some animals remember the Cowshed Battle, Napoleon (who is not found everywhere during combat) often obscures Snowball as a collaborator of Farmer Jones, while mistakenly representing himself as a hero of battle. "Beasts of England" was replaced with a national anthem that honors Napoleon, who seems to adopt a man's lifestyle. The animals remain convinced that they are better than those under Mr. Jones.

Mr. Frederick, a neighboring farmer, attacked the farm, using an explosive powder to detonate a restored windmill. Although the animals won the battle, they did so at great expense, as many, including Boxer, hard-working, were injured. Despite his injuries, Boxer continued to work harder and harder, until he collapsed while working on a windmill. Napoleon sends a van to confess with Boxer to the vet, explaining that better care can be given there. Benjamin, a cynical donkey who "can read as well as any pig", notices that the van belonged to a robber and a vain rescue effort. Squealer quickly convinced the animals that the van had been purchased from the knacker by an animal hospital, and the previous owner's signboards had not been repainted.

In a subsequent report, Squealer reported sadly to animals that Boxer died peacefully in a veterinary hospital; pigs held a festival one day after Boxer's death to better praise the glory of Animal Farm and make the animals work harder by taking the Boxer way. However, the reality is that Napoleon has engineered Boxer's sale to hackers, allowing him and his inner circle to earn money to buy whiskey for themselves. (In the 1940s England, one way for farms to make money was to sell large animals to a robber, who would kill the animal and boil the rest into animal glue.)

The year went by, and the windmill was rebuilt along with the construction of another windmill, which made the ranch have a good income. However, the ideals that Snowball talks about, including stalls with electricity, warming and running water are forgotten, with Napoleon suggesting that the happiest animal lives a simple life. In addition to Boxer, many animals participated in the Dead Revolution, such as Farmer Jones, who died in other parts of England. The pigs start to resemble humans, as they walk upright, carry whips, and wear clothing. The Seven Commandments are summarized into one phrase: "All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others."

George Orwell wrote manuscripts in 1943 and 1944 after his experiences during the Spanish Civil War, which he described in Reverence to Catalonia (1938). In the introduction to the English edition of "Animal Agriculture" in 1947, he explained how escaping from the communist purge in Spain taught him "how easily totalitarian propaganda can control the opinions of enlightened people in democratic countries". This motivated Orwell to expose and strongly condemn what he saw as Stalinist corruption from genuine socialist ideals.

Immediately before writing the book, Orwell quit the BBC. He was also upset about a small booklet for propagandists that had been issued by the Ministry of Information. This booklet contains instructions on how to quell the ideological fears of the Soviet Union, such as the direction to claim that the Red Terror is a figment of the Nazi imagination.

In the preface, Orwell also describes the source of the idea of â€‹â€‹arranging a book on a farm:

... I saw a boy, probably ten years old, riding a large carthorse along a narrow road, whipping him every time he tried to turn. I realized that if only such animals were aware of their power, we should have no power over them, and that humans exploit animals in the same way as the rich exploit the proletariat.

Attempt to find publisher

Orwell initially had trouble getting the manuscript published, largely due to fears that the book might disrupt the alliance between Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union. Four publishers refused; someone initially accepted the job but refused it after consulting the Ministry of Information. Finally, Secker and Warburg published the first edition in 1945.

During the Second World War, it became clear to Orwell that anti-Soviet literature was not something to be touched by most major publishers - including its regular publisher Gollancz. He also submitted the manuscript to Faber and Faber, where the poet T. S. Eliot (who was the director of the company) rejected him; Eliot wrote back to Orwell praising the "good writing" and "fundamental integrity" of the book, but declared that they would only accept it for publication if they had sympathy for the point of view "which I consider to be Trotskyite in general". Eliot said he found the view "unconvincing", and argued that the pigs were made the best for running agriculture; He argues that one might argue "what is needed... is not more communism, but more public-minded pigs." Orwell gave AndrÃƒÆ' Â© Deutsch, who worked for Nicholson & amp; Watson in 1944, read the manuscript, and Deutsch was convinced that Nicholson & amp; Watson wants to publish it; However, they did not, and "told Orwell about what they thought was a mistake on Animal Farm." In his London Letter on April 17, 1944 for Partition Review Orwell writes that it is "now next to impossible to get anything openly anti-Russian printed. Anti-Russian books do appear, but mostly from Catholic publishing companies and always from a religious or overtly reactionary angle. "

The publisher Jonathan Cape, who initially accepted Animal Farm, later rejected the book after an official at the British Ministry of Information warned him - even though the government official who was deemed to be giving the order was later found to be a Soviet spy. Writing to Leonard Moore, partner at the literary agency Christy & amp; Moore, publisher Jonathan Cape explained that the decision was taken at the suggestion of a senior official at the Ministry of Information. Such striking anti-Soviet bias is unacceptable, and the choice of pigs as a dominant class is considered highly offensive. It can be assumed that the 'important official' is a man named Peter Smollett, who later vented as a Soviet agent. Orwell was suspicious of Smollett/Smolka, and he would be one of those names that included Orwell in the list of Crypto-Communists and Fellow-Travelers sent to the Ministry of Information Research in 1949. Born Hans Peter Smolka in Vienna in 1912, he came to England in 1933 as an NKVD agent with the codename 'Abo', became the subject of British naturalization in 1938, changed his name, and after the outbreak of World War II joined the Ministry of Information where he organized pro-Soviet propaganda, working with Kim Philby in 1943-45. The Smollett family rejects allegations that he is a spy. The publisher wrote to Orwell, saying:

If the tale is directed generally to dictators and dictatorships in general then the publication will be fine, but the fable follows, as I see it now, so really the progress of Soviet Russia and their two dictators [Lenin and Stalin], that can only be applied to Russia, to the exclusion of another dictatorship.
Another thing: it would be less offensive if the dominant caste in the fairy tale was not a pig. I think the choice of pigs as a ruling caste will undoubtedly give offense to many, and especially to anyone who is somewhat sensitive, because no doubt Russia is.

Frederic Warburg also faced pressure on publicity, even from people in his own office and from his wife Pamela, who felt that it was not a moment to be thankful to Stalin and the heroic Red Army, who had played a large part in defeating Hitler. A Russian translation is printed in the newspaper Posev , and in giving permission for the Russian translation of Animal Farm , Orwell rejected all previous royalties. Translation in Ukrainian, produced in Germany, was confiscated largely by American war authorities and handed over to the Soviet repatriation commission.

In October 1945 Orwell wrote a letter to Frederic Warburg expressing his interest in pursuing the possibility that David Low's political cartoonist might illustrate Animal Farm. Low has written a letter saying he has "had fun with ANIMAL ANIMALS - a hint of extraordinary sarcasm - it will describe it perfectly." Nothing comes from this, and the experimental problems generated by Secker & amp; Warburg in 1956 illustrated by John Driver abandoned, but the Folio Society published an edition in 1984 illustrated by Quentin Blake and the edition illustrated by cartoonist Ralph Steadman published by Secker & Warburg in 1995 to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the first edition of Animal Farm .

Preface

Orwell originally wrote a foreword complaining about British self-censorship and how the British pressed criticism against the Soviet Union, their World War II allies:

The scary fact about the literary censorship in Britain is that it is largely voluntary. Things are kept directly from the British press, not because the Government intervenes but because of a 'silent' public tacit agreement to mention that particular fact.

Although the first edition allowed space for the preface, it was not included, and by June 2009 most of the book editions had not yet included it.

Secker and Warburg published the first edition of Animal Farm in 1945 without introduction. However, the publisher has provided space for the introduction in the authors' evidence compiled from the manuscript. For unknown reasons, no preface is given, and the page number should be returned at the last minute.

In 1972, Ian Angus discovered the original manuscript entitled "The Freedom of the Press", and Bernard Crick published it, along with his own introduction, in The Times Literary Supplement on September 15, 1972 as "How the essay came to written ". Orwell's essay criticized Britain's self-censorship by the press, in particular the suppression of the unattractive depictions of Stalin and the Soviet government. The same essay also appeared in the 1976 Italian edition of Animal Farm with another introduction by Crick, claiming to be the first edition with the preface. Other publishers still refuse to publish it.

Maps Animal Farm

Critical response

The contemporary review of the work is not universally positive. Writing in the magazine American New Republic , George Soule expressed his disappointment in the book, writing that it "confuses and makes me sad.It seems all boring.Alegory turned into a creaking machine to say in a clumsy way things which has been said better directly. "Soule believes that the animals are not quite consistent with their real-world inspirations, and say," It seems to me that the failure of this book (commercially confirmed by unbelievable success) comes from the fact that insinuation is not related to anything the author has experienced, but rather with stereotypical ideas about a country that he may not know very well ".

The Guardian on August 24, 1945 called Animal Farm an amusing and cute satire on many rules by some ". Tosco Fyvel, writing on the Tribune on the same day, calls the book "a gentle allusion to a particular Country and to an age-old illusion that may already lie behind us." Julian Symons replied, on September 7th, "Should we not hope, in the Tribune, at least, the recognition of the fact that it is a satire is not gentle to any particular Country - Soviet Russia? It seems to me that a reviewer must have the courage to identify Napoleon with Stalin, and Snowball with Trotsky, and express a favorable or unfavorable opinion for the author, on a political basis.In a hundred years time probably, Animal Farms may be a fairy tale , today is a political allusion with many points. "

Animal Husbandry has been extensively commented on for decades since this initial statement.

src: i.ytimg.com

Analysis

Animalism

Snowball Pigs, Napoleons, and Squealer adapt Old Ideas ideas into a "complete system of thought", which they officially name Animalism, an allegorical reference to Communism. Soon after, Napoleon and Squealer participated in human-related activities (drinking alcohol, sleeping in bed, trading), explicitly forbidden by the Seven Commandments. The Squealer was used to amend the Seven Commandments to explain this humanization, an allusion to the Soviet government that revised history to control the public's beliefs about themselves and their communities.

The original orders are:

Whatever happens to two legs is an enemy.
Whatever happens with four legs, or has wings, is a friend.
No animal wearing clothes.
No animal will sleep in bed.
No animal can drink alcohol.
No animal will kill other animals.
All animals are identical.

These commands are also filtered in the proverb "The good four legs, the two bad feet " which are mainly used by sheep on farms, often disrupt discussions and animal disputes about the nature of Animalism.

Later, Napoleon and his pigs quietly revised several orders to rid themselves of unlawful accusations. The modified commands are as follows, with the changes in bold:

No animal will sleep in bed with a bed sheet.
No animal should drink excessively.
No animal will kill another animal without cause.

Finally, this is replaced by the saying, "All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others ", and "Four feet is good, two feet better! " as pigs become more humane. This is an ironic change for the original purpose of the Seven Commandments, which should keep order in Animal Farm by uniting animals together against humans and preventing animals from following evil human habits. Through the revision of the commandments, Orwell shows how political dogma can be transformed into soft propaganda.

Significance and allegory

In the Eastern Bloc, both Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four were on the list of forbidden books until the end of communist rule in 1989, and only available through the clandestine Samizdat Network.

Orwell biographer Jeffrey Meyers writes, "almost every detail has a political meaning in this allegory." Orwell himself wrote in 1946, "Of course I mean primarily as an allusion to the Russian revolution.. [and] like that revolution (a cruel conspiratorial revolution, led by people who are unconsciously power-hungry ) can only lead to a change of master [-] revolution only effect of radical improvement when the mass alert. "In the preface to the Ukrainian edition of 1947, he states,"... for the last ten years I am convinced that the destruction of Soviet myth is important if we desire the resurrection socialist movement.On my arrival from Spain [in 1937] I thought to expose Soviet myth in a story that can be easily understood by almost anyone and that can easily be translated into other languages. "

The animal rebellion against Farmer Jones was an Orwell analogy with the Bolshevik Revolution in 1947. The Battle of the Cowshed has been said to represent the invasion of Russian Soviet allies in 1918, and the defeat of the White Russians in the Russian Civil War. The pigs that rise to the starting point reflect the emergence of the Stalinist bureaucracy in the Soviet Union, as Napoleon's emergence as the sole agricultural leader reflects Stalin's appearance. The appropriation of milk and apple pigs for their own use, the "turning point of the story" as Orwell is termed a letter to Dwight Macdonald, stands as an analogy to the destruction of the left-wing Kronstadt 1921 revolt against the Bolsheviks, and the difficult attempts of the animals to build windmills Five-Year Plan. The puppies controlled by Napoleon were parallel to the maintenance of the secret police in the Stalinist structure, and the treatment of pigs against other animals on the farm recalls the internal terror that the population faced in the 1930s. In chapter seven, when animals recognize their crime that does not exist and are killed, Orwell directly refers to cleansing, confession and trials in the late 1930s. This contributed to Orwell's belief that the Bolshevik revolution had been corrupted and the Soviet system rotten.

Peter Edgerly Firchow and Peter Davison consider that the Battle of the Windmill represents the Great Patriotic War (World War II), particularly the Battle of Stalingrad and the Battle of Moscow. During the battle, Orwell first wrote, "All the animals, including Napoleon," take refuge. Orwell told the publisher to change this to "All animals except Napoleon" in recognition of Stalin's decision to stay in Moscow during Germany's progress. Orwell called for change after he met Joseph Czapski in Paris in March 1945. Czapski, a survivor of Katyn Massacre and opponents of the Soviet regime, told Orwell, as Orwell wrote to Arthur Koestler, that it was "the character [and] Stalin's Greatness" which saved Russia from the German invasion.

Other connections that the authors suggest illustrate Orwell's telescope on Russian history from 1917 to 1943 include a wave of rebellions that spread to the countryside after the Uprising, which meant a failed revolution in Hungary and in Germany (Ch IV); the conflict between Napoleon and Snowball (ChV), parallel "two rival and quasi-Messianic confessions that seem to be pitted against each other: Trotskyism, with its faith in the revolutionary vocation of the Western proletariat, and Stalinism with the glorification of Russia's socialist destiny"; Napoleon deals with Whymper and Willingdon markets (Ch VI), aligning the Rapallo Agreement; and Frederick's false bank records, aligned the Hitler-Stalin non-aggression pact in August 1939, after which Frederick attacked Animal Farm without warning and destroyed the windmill.

The book is close, with pigs and men in some kind of conformity, reflecting Orwell's view of the 1943 Tehran Conference which seems to indicate the establishment of "the best possible relationship between the Soviet Union and the West" - but in reality the fate, as Orwell predicted, continues to unravel. The disagreement between the allies and the start of the Cold War was suggested when Napoleon and Pilkington, both suspicious, "played ace of spades simultaneously".

Similarly, the music in the novel, beginning with the Beasts of England and the subsequent anthems, its parallel The Internationale and its adoption and rejection by the Soviet authorities as Anthem USSR in the 1920s and 1930s -an.

In addition to the political symbolism of the book, some critics argue that Animal Farm can also be read as a more straightforward story about farm animals, reflecting Orwell's concern for animal care. Critics supporting such readings, beginning in the 1970s with Marxist expert Raymond Williams and later including Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson and Helen Tiffin, quoted Orwell's description of his inspiration for composing stories on a farm, where he wrote, "from an animal point of view "display,"

"For them, it is clear that the concept of the class struggle between humans is pure illusion, because whenever it is necessary to exploit animals, all humans unite against them: the real struggle is between animals and humans."

src: rubinmuseum.org

Adaptations

Movies
Animal Farm has been adapted into a movie twice. Both are different from the novel and have been accused of taking on significant freedoms, including clearing up some aspects.

Animal Farm (1954) is an animated feature in which Napoleon appears to be overthrown in the second revolution. In 1974, E. Howard Hunt revealed that he had been sent by the CIA Waral Psychology department to get the film right from Orwell's widow, and the resulting 1954 animation funded by the agency.

Animal Farm (1999) is a live TV action version that shows the Napoleonic regime collapsing by itself, with fields that have new human owners, reflecting the collapse of Soviet communism.

In 2012, the HFR-3D version of Animal Farm , potentially directed by Andy Serkis was announced.
Dramatization radio
The BBC radio version, produced by Rayner Heppenstall, was broadcast in January 1947. Orwell listened to production at his home in Canonbury Square, London, with Hugh Gordon Porteous, among others. Orwell later wrote to Heppenstall that Porteous, "who has not read the book, understands what happened after a few minutes."
Further radio production, again using Orwell's own dramatization of the book, was broadcast in January 2013 on BBC Radio 4. Tamsin Greig was narrated, and the casters include Nicky Henson as Napoleon, Toby Jones as Squealer propagandist, and Ralph Ineson as Boxer.
Production stage
The theatrical version, with music by Richard Peaslee and lyrics by Adrian Mitchell, was performed at the London National Theater on April 25, 1984, directed by Peter Hall. He toured nine cities in 1985.
The solo version, adapted and performed by Guy Masterson, was premiumÃƒÆ'Ã‚Â¨red at the Edinburgh Traverse Theater in January 1995 and has toured worldwide since.
Comic strip
In 1950 Norman Pett and his co-author Don Freeman were secretly employed by the British Foreign Office to adapt Animal Farm into a comic strip. This comic is not published in Britain, but it is published in Brazilian and Burmese newspapers.
src: www.wikihow.com

Popular culture

Music
(Alphabet by artist)

The Boston Crusaders Drum and Bugle Corps 2014 show titled Animal Farm, based on the novel.

The Canadian band, Boxer the Horse, takes its name from the characters in the novel.

Dead prez based on a song on their album Let i Get Free (2000), called "Animal in Man", in novella, emphasizes on how other animals should not trust pigs during the revolution.

The lyrics of the song? Arthur's Farm? from the album Half Man Half Biscuit Back in DHSS (1987) tells the story of Douglas Bader and Arthur Askey visiting Animal Farm. This song has the line "Four good legs, but no best foot" in real respect for two famous amputations.
The song, "The Nature of the Beast", by American metalcore band, Ice Nine Kills, was inspired by Animal Farm .
Pink Floyd's album Animals (1977) was inspired by Animal Farm . It categorizes people as pigs, dogs, or sheep.
R.E.M. "Disturbance at Heron House" is based on Animal Farm .
Radiohead's song "Optimistic" contains lyrics that mention Animal Farm.
The Clash uses images from the animated film Animal Farm (1954) on their single "British Civil War".

Television

(Alphabet based program)

In Daleks' Master Plan (1966), an episode of the long-running British science fiction show Doctor Who, a modified seventh character reference command Animal Farm, said: "Although we are all equal partners with Daleks on this great conquest, some of us are more equal than others."
In the tenth episode of the second season of Johnny Bravo, "Aunt Katie Farm" (1999), Johnny, while wearing a pig costume, shouted, "Four good legs! Two bad legs!".
The Lost episode of "ExposÃƒÆ'Ã‚ Â©" (2007), in the third season, involves a flashback with Nikki and Paulo involving arguments with Kate about the gun case. During this scene, Dr. Leslie Arzt shouted at Kate: "The pigs are walking," a reference to Animal Farm where Napoleon and his generals began adjusting human characteristics and changing their oath from "Good four feet, two bad legs" to " Four good legs, two feet better. "
The seventh episode (1998) of the second season of the HBO Oz series titled "Animal Farm" refers to the connotations and manipulation of characters vying for control, similar to the character of the novel.
In the ninth episode of Sex and the City's fourth season, "Sex and the Country" (2001), Carrie goes with her new boyfriend Aidan to her cottage, and tells her friends that it reminds her of < i> Animal Farm , and will not be surprised to hear the explosion "four good legs, two bad legs!"
In the third episode of the first season of the animated series X-Men, "Enter Magneto" (1992), Beast is seen reading copies of Animal Farm, reading a picture book ", and asked if he" saw any relatives there "because they thought he was an illiterate animal.

Video game

An Animal Farm video game adaptation was announced in August 2017. Fully authorized by George Orwell plantation, Animal Farm was created by an independent team set up specifically to deliver Orwell's vision in an interactive format.

Animal Farm - G7', Tim Rollins, with K.O.S., 1989-92 | Tate

src: www.tate.org.uk

Issue

LCCN 46006290 (hardcover, 1946, First American Edition)
ISBNÃƒ, 0-451-51679-6 (paperback, 1956, Signet Classic)
ISBNÃƒ, 0-582-02173-1 (paper text, 1989)
ISBNÃƒ, 0-15-107255-8 (hardcover, 1990)
ISBNÃƒ, 0-582-06010-9 (paper text, 1991)
ISBNÃƒ, 0-679-42039-8 (hardcover, 1993)
ISBNÃƒ, 0-606-00102-6 (prebound, 1996)
ISBNÃƒ, 0-15-100217-7 (hardcover, 1996, Birthday Edition)
ISBNÃƒ, 0-452-27750-7 (paperback, 1996, Birthday Edition)
ISBNÃƒ, 0-451-52634-1 (mass market paperback, 1996, Birthday Edition)
ISBNÃƒ, 0-582-53008-3 (1996)
ISBNÃƒ, 1-56000-520-3 (cloth text, 1998, Large Edition Type)
ISBNÃƒ, 0-7910-4774-1 (hardcover, 1999)
ISBNÃƒ, 0-451-52536-1 (paperback, 1999)
ISBNÃƒ, 0-7641-0819-0 (paperback, 1999)
ISBNÃƒ, 0-8220-7009-X (e-book, 1999)
ISBNÃƒ, 0-7587-7843-0 (hardcover, 2002)
ISBNÃƒ, 0-15-101026-9 (hardcover, 2003, with Nineteen Eighty-Four )
ISBNÃƒ, 0-452-28424-4 (paperback, 2003, Centennial Edition)
ISBNÃƒ, 0-8488-0120-2 (hardcover)
ISBNÃƒ, 0-03-055434-9 (hardcover) Animal Farm with Connection
ISBNÃƒ, 0-395-79677-6 (hardcover) Animal Farm & amp; Related Reading, 1997
ISBNÃƒ, 0-582-43447-5 (hardcover, 2007)
ISBNÃƒ, 0-14-103349-5 (paperback, 2007)
ISBNÃƒ, 978-0-141-03613-7 (paperback, 2008)
ISBNÃƒ, 978-0-141-39305-6 (paperback book edition, 2013, puffin)
ISBNÃƒ, 978-8-193-36962-3 (paperback, 2017, Pirates Enhanced Edition, India)

On July 17, 2009, Amazon.com drew some Amazon Kindle titles, including Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell, from sales, returned buyers, and items removed remotely. of the buyer's device after finding that the publisher has no rights to publish the title in question. Notes and annotations for books created by users on their devices are also deleted. After the move prompted protests and comparisons for Nineteen Eighty-Four himself, Amazon's spokesman Drew Herdener stated that the company "[c] hangs our system so that in the future we will not remove the books from customers. " device in this state. "

Our Doom and Gloom Media Is Animal Farm in Reverse - Foundation ...

src: fee.org

Animal Farm

Kamis, 28 Juni 2018

Animal Farm

Video Animal Farm