Cape Colony

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Cape of Good Hope , also known as Cape Colony (Dutch: Kaapkolonie ), is a colony England in South Africa today, named after the Cape of Good Hope. The English colony was preceded by a former Dutch colony of the same name, the Kaap de Goede Hoop, founded in 1652 by the Dutch East Indies Company. The Cape was under Dutch rule from 1652 to 1795 and again from 1803 to 1806. The Netherlands lost its colony to Great Britain after the Battle of Muamenberg in 1795, but it has returned after the 1802 Amiens Peace. It was again occupied by the British after the Battle of Blaauwberg in 1806, and British ownership was confirmed by the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814.

The Cape of Good Hope then remained in the United Kingdom, became self-governing in 1872, and united with three other colonies to form the South African Union in 1910. It was later named the Good Hope Cape. South Africa became a sovereign state in 1931 by the Statute of Westminster. In 1961 became the Republic of South Africa and obtained its own monetary unit called Rand. Following the formation of the current 1994 South African provinces, Cape Provinces are partitioned into Eastern Cape, Northern Cape and Western Cape, with smaller sections in the North West province.

The Cape of Good Hope is coextensive with the later Cape Provinces, stretching from the inland Atlantic coast and eastward along the south coast, which is about half of modern South Africa: the eastern boundary, after several wars against Xhosa, standing on the River Fish. To the north, the Orange River, also known as the Gariep River, serves as a boundary for some time, although some land between the river and the southern boundary of Botswana is then added to it. From 1878, the colony also included the Walvis Bay enclave and Penguin Islands, both in what is now Namibia.

Video Cape Colony

History

Dutch settlement

An expedition from the Dutch East India Company (VOC) led by Jan van Riebeeck established a trading post and a naval victory station at the Cape of Good Hope in 1652. Van Riebeeck's aim was to secure a port of refuge for Dutch ships during a long voyage between Europe and Asia. In about three decades, Cape has been home to a large community of "vrijlieden", also known as "vrijburgers" (free citizens), former VOC employees residing in the Dutch Colony at overseas after completing their service contract. Vrijburgers are predominantly married Dutch citizens who attempt to spend at least twenty years of agricultural land within the borders of the newborn colony; instead they received tax-exempt status and loaned tools and seeds. Reflecting the multi-national nature of the early trading company, the Netherlands also granted the vrijburger status to a number of former Scandinavian and German employees as well. In 1688 they also sponsored the immigration of nearly two hundred French Huguenot refugees who fled to the Netherlands on the Edict of Fontainebleau. There is a degree of cultural assimilation due to mixed marriage, and almost universal adoption of the Dutch language.

Many of the colonists who settled directly on the border became more independent and localized in their allegiance. Known as Boer , they migrated west past the Cape Colony's initial border and soon penetrated nearly a thousand kilometers to the mainland. Some Boer even adopt a nomadic lifestyle permanently and symbolized as a climber . The Dutch colonial period was undermined by a number of bitter conflicts between the colonists and the Khoisan, followed by Xhosa, both considered unwanted competitors for main farmland.

Dutch merchants imported thousands of slaves to the Cape of Good Hope of the Dutch East Indies and other parts of Africa. By the end of the eighteenth century Cape populations swelled to about 26,000 Europeans and 30,000 slaves.

English Conquest

In 1795, France occupied the Seven Provinces of the Netherlands, the first lady of the Dutch East India Company. This prompted Great Britain to occupy the territory in 1795 as a way to better control the sea to stop potential French efforts to reach India. The British sent a fleet of nine warships anchored in Simon's Town and, after the defeat of the Dutch militia at the Battle of Muizenberg, took over the territory. The Dutch East Indies Company transferred its territory and claimed to the Batavian Republic (the Dutch revolutionary period) in 1798, and no more in 1799. Enhanced relations between the English and French Napoleon, and the subordinate state of the Batavian Republic, led Britain to surrender the Cape of Good Hope to The Republic of Batavia in 1803, under the terms of the Amiens Agreement.

In 1806, the Cape, now controlled nominally by the Batavian Republic, were again occupied by the British after their victory in the Battle of Blaauwberg. The interim peace between England and France Napoleon had collapsed into open hostility, while Napoleon had strengthened his influence on the Batavian Republic (which Napoleon would later abolish it in the same year). The British, who founded the colony on January 8, 1806, hoped to keep Napoleon out of the Cape, and control the Far Eastern trading route. In 1814 the Dutch government formally surrendered sovereignty over the Cape to England, under the terms of the London Convention.

English colonization

The British began to settle the eastern border of the colony, with the arrival at Port Elizabeth from the 1820 Settlers. They also began to introduce the first basic rights for the black Africans of Cape and, in 1833, abolished slavery. The hatred that Dutch farmers feel about this social change, as well as the imposition of English language and culture, causes them to travel overland en masse. This is known as the Great Trek, and migrating refugees settled on land, forming the "Boer republic" of the Transvaal and Orange Free State.

British immigration continued on the Cape, even as many of the Boers continued to travel inland, and the end of the British East India Company's monopoly on trade led to economic growth. At the same time, the long series of border wars that fought the Xhosa on the eastern border of the Cape finally subsided when Xhosa took part in the mass destruction of their own crops and livestock, believing that this would cause their spirits to arise. and beat the whites. The resulting famine paralyzes Xhosa resistance and usher in a long period of stability at the border.

Peace and prosperity led to a desire for political independence. In 1853, the Cape Colony became a colony of the British Empire. In 1854, Cape of Good Hope voted for the first parliament, on the basis of Cape's multi-racial Quality Franchising. The inhabitants of Cape qualify as voters based on a minimum level of property ownership that is universal, regardless of race.

The fact that the executive power remains fully within the authority of the British governor does not dispel tensions in the colony between the eastern and western sections.

Responsible Government

In 1872, after a long political struggle, the Cape of Good Hope produced a "Responsible Government" under its first Prime Minister, John Molteno. Since then, the elected Prime Minister and his cabinet have full responsibility for state affairs. A period of strong economic growth and social development ensued, and the east-west division was largely allowed to rest. The multi-racial franchise system also started slow and fragile growth in political inclusiveness, and ethnic tensions subsided. In 1877, the country expanded by annexing Griqualand West and Griqualand East.

However, the discovery of diamonds around the Kimberley and gold in the Transvaal led to a return of instability, especially as they encouraged an ambitious rise in Cecil Rhodes's imperialist power. As Prime Minister of Cape, he instigated the rapid expansion of British influence into the interior. In particular, he sought to engineer the conquest of the Transvaal, and although the ill-fated Jameson Raid failed and overthrew his rule, it caused the Second Boer War and the conquest of England at the turn of the century. The colony's political consequences were increasingly dominated by tensions between British and Boer colonists. Rhodes also carries the first formal restriction on the political rights of black Africans of the Cape of Good Hope.

The Cape of Good Hope was still nominally under British rule until the formation of the South African Union in 1910, when it became the Cape of Good Hope Province, better known as the Cape Province.

Governor of the Cape of Good Hope (1797-1910)

Occupation of Britain (1, 1797-1804)

• George Macartney, 1 Earl Macartney (1797-1798)
• Francis Dundas (first time) (acting) (1798-1799)
• Sir George Yonge (1799-1801)
• Francis Dundas (2nd time) (acting) (1801-1803)

Batavian Republic (Dutch Colony) (1803-1806)

• Jacob Abraham Uitenhage de Mist (1803-1804)
• Jan Willem Janssens (1803-1806)

Occupation of Britain (2, 1806 -1814)

• Sir David Baird (acting) (1806-1807)
• Henry George Gray (time 1) (acting) (1807)
• Du Pre Alexander, 2nd Ear of Caledon (1807-1811)
• Henry George Gray (2nd time) (acting) (1811)
• Sir John Francis Cradock (1811-1814)
• Hon. Robert Meade (acting for Cradock) (1813-1814), (son of Theodosia, Countess of Clanwilliam)

British Colony (1814-1910)

• Lord Charles Somerset (1814-1826)
• Sir Rufane Shaw Donkin (acting for Somerset) (1820-1821)
• Sir Richard Bourke (acting) (1826-1828)
• Sir Galbraith Lowry Cole (1828-1833)
• Sir Thomas Francis Wade (acting for D'Urban from January 10, 1834) (1833-1834)
• Sir Benjamin d'Urban (1834-1838)
• Sir George Thomas Napier (1838-1844)
• Sir Peregrine Maitland (1844-1847)
• Sir Henry Pottinger (1847)
• Sir Harry Smith (Sir Henry George Wakelyn Smith) (1847-1852)
• Sir George Cathcart (1852-1854)
• Sir Charles Henry Darling (acting) (1854)
• Sir George Gray (1854-1861)
• Sir Robert Henry Wynyard (first time) (acting for Gray) (1859-1860)
• Sir Robert Henry Wynyard (second time) (acting) (1861-1862)
• Sir Philip Edmond Wodehouse (1862-1870)
• Charles Craufurd Hay (acting) (1870)
• Sir Henry Barkly (1870-1877)
• Henry Bartle Frere (1877-1880)
• Henry Hugh Clifford (acting) (1880)
• Sir George Cumine Strahan (acting) (1880-1881)
• Hercules Robinson (first time) (1881-1889)
• Sir Leicester Smyth (first time) (acting for Robinson) (1881)
• Sir Leicester Smyth (second time) (acting for Robinson) (1883-1884)
• Sir Henry D'Oyley Torrens (acting for Robinson) (1886)
• Henry Augustus Smyth (acting) (1889)
• Henry Brougham Loch (1889-1895)
• Sir William Gordon Cameron (first time) (acting for Loch) (1891-1892)
• Sir William Gordon Cameron (2nd time) (acting for Loch) (1894)
• Hercules Robinson (second time) (1895-1897)
• Sir William Howley Goodenough (acting) (1897)
• Sir Alfred Milner (1897-1901)
• Sir William Francis Butler (acting for Milner) (1898-1899)
• Sir Walter Hely-Hutchinson (1901-1910)
• Sir Henry Jenner Scobell (acting for Hely-Hutchinson) (1909)

The position of the High Commissioner for South Africa was also held from 27 January 1847 to 6 March 1901 by the Governor of Tanjung Harapan. The post of the Governor of Tanjung Harapan became extinct on 31 May 1910, when he joined the South African Union.

Maps Cape Colony

The position of the prime minister of Tanjung Harapan was also extinct on 31 May 1910, when he joined the South African Union.

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Demographics

1904 Census

Population figures for the 1904 Census. Source:

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See also

• Good Hope Parliament
• The Cape Colonial troop
• The Cape Government Railway
• Cape Franchise Qualified

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References

Source

• Beck, Roger B. (2000). South African History . Westport, CT: Greenwood. ISBNÃ, 0-313-30730-X.
• Davenport, T. R. H., and Christopher Saunders (2000). South Africa: Modern History , 5th ed. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBNÃ, 0-312-23376-0.
• Elbourne, Elizabeth (2002). Blood Ground: Colonialism, Mission, and Contests for Christianity in Cape Colony and England, 1799-1853 . McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBNÃ, 0-7735-2229-8.
• Le Cordeur, Basil Alexander (1981). The War of the Ax, 1847: Correspondence between Cape Colony governor Sir Henry Pottinger and British troops commander in Cape, Sire George Berkeley, and others . Brenthurst Press. ISBNÃ, 0-909079-14-5.
• Mabin, Alan (1983). Recession and the aftermath: The Cape Colony in the eighteen eighties . University of Witwatersrand, Institute of African Studies.
• Ross, Robert, and David Anderson (1999). Status and Respect at Cape Colony, 1750-1870: Courteous Tragedy . Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 0-521-62122-4.
• Theal, George McCall (1970). Boer's History in South Africa; Or, the Wandering and War of Emigrant Farmers from Those Who Left the Cape Colony to the Confession of Their Independence by the United Kingdom . Greenwood Press. ISBNÃ, 0-8371-1661-9.
• Van Der Merwe, P.J., Roger B. Beck (1995). Migrant Farmers in the History of the Cape Colony . Ohio University Press. ISBNÃ, 0-8214-1090-3.
• Worden, Nigel, Elizabeth van Heyningen, and Vivian Bickford-Smith (1998). Cape Town: The Making of the City . Cape Town: David Philip. ISBNÃ, 0-86486-435-3.

Source of the article : Wikipedia