Pentagram

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pentagram (sometimes known as pentalpha or pentangle or pentagon star ) is the shape of five sharp stars drawn with five scratches straight.

Pentagram was used symbolically in ancient Greece and Babylonia, and is used today as a symbol of belief by many Wiccans, similar to the use of Christians and Star Jews by Christians. Pentagram has a magical association. Many people who practice the faith of Neopagan wear jewelry that combines symbols. Christians once used a pentagram to represent the five wounds of Jesus. Pentagram has an association with Freemasonry and is also used as a symbol by other belief systems.

The word pentagram comes from the Greek word ???????????? ( pentagrammon ), from ????? ( pente ), "five" ?????? ( gramm? ), "line". The word "pentacle" is sometimes used synonymously with "pentagram". The word pentalpha is the learned modern awakening (the 17th century) of the classical post-classical Greek name.

Video Pentagram

Histori

Sejarah awal

At the beginning (Ur I) monumental, or pointy Sumerian script, the pentagram flying machine serves as a logogram for the word ub , which means "angle, corner, corner, small space, cavity, hole, trap trap" This then creates a UB signature ? , consisting of five slices, further reduced to four in the Assyrian figure).

Ancient Greek word ">

In Neoplatonism, the pentagram is said to have been used as a symbol or sign of recognition by Pythagorean, called pentagram ?????? hugieia "health"

Western Symbolism

The pentagram was used in antiquity as a Christian symbol for the senses, or from the five wounds of Christ. The pentangle plays an important symbolic role in the 14th century English poem Sir Gawain and Green Knight , where the symbol adorns the heroes shield, Gawain. The unnamed poet mentions the origin of the symbol to King Solomon, explaining that each of the five interrelated points represents a virtue tied to a group of five: The perfect work in five senses and five fingers, loyal to the Five Wounds of Christ, taking the courage of the five joys Mary had of Jesus, and exemplified five virtues of wisdom.

Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa and others perpetuate the popularity of the pentagram as a symbol of magic, connecting five neoplatonic elements to five points, in a typical Renaissance style. By the mid-nineteenth century further differences had developed among the occultists regarding pentagram orientation. With one point upwards, it describes the spirit that leads the four elements of matter, and is basically "good". However, the influential author Eliphas Levi calls him evil when the symbols appear in other ways.

• "An inverted pentagram, with two points projecting upward, is a symbol of evil and attracts evil forces by defeating the precise order of things and demonstrating the material victory over the spirit.This is the goat lust invades the sky with its horns, signs executed by the initiates. "
• "The lighted star, which when turned upside down, is a hierolgyphic [sic] sign of the Black Goat's goat, whose head can be drawn on the star, two horns above, ears to the right and left, down, that is a sign of antagonism and death, it is a goat lust that attacks the heavens with its horns. "
• "Let us keep the figure of the Five-Pointed Stars always upright, with the top triangle pointing to heaven, because it is a place of wisdom, and if the figure is reversed, deviations and evil will be the result."

The use of apotropaic pentagram symbols in German folklore (called Drudenfuss in German) was referred to by Goethe in Faust (1808), where the pentagram prevented Mephistopheles from leaving the room. (but does not prevent it from entering in the same way, because the angles that lead out of the diagram are not perfect):

Mephistopheles :

I must admit, my legs stepped on

Your thresholds are a bit obstructive;

The wizard-foot [Drudenfuss] made me defend.

Faust:

Your peaceful pentagram did you mar?

For me, you son of hell, explain,

How fortunate you are, if this is your doorway?

Could it be such a snare spirit?

Mephistopheles :

Observe it well, it's not pulled out carefully,

One corner, pointing without,

Whether, as you can see, is not enough closed.

Symbolism of East Asia

Wu Xing (Chinese: ?? ; pinyin: W? XÃÆ'ng ) is five phases, or five elements in the Chinese tradition (medicine, acupuncture, feng shui, and Taoism). They are similar to the ancient Greek elements, with more emphasis on their cyclic transformation than on the material aspects. Five phases are: Fire (? hu? ), Earth (? t? ), Metal (? j? N ), Water (? shu? ), and Wood (? mÃÆ'¹ ).

Use in modern occult

Based on the occult of the Renaissance era, the pentagram finds its way into modern occult symbolism.

Following Anton LaVey, and finally based on images by French nobility and occult Stanislas de Guaita ( La Clef de la Magie Noire , 1897), Sigil Baphomet, pentagram with two points written in a double circle with the head of the goat in the pentagram is the copyright of the Church of Satan.

Aleister Crowley utilizes pentagram in his Thelemic magical system: the disadvantaged or reverse pentagram represents the spirit's down to material, according to the interpretation of Lon Milo DuQuette. Crowley opposed his old friends in the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, who, following Levi, considered the orientation of this evil symbol and linked it with material victory over spirits.

Used in new religious movements

BahÃÆ'¡'ÃÆ'

This five-pointed star is a symbol of BahÃÆ'¡'ÃÆ' Faith. In BahÃÆ'¡'ÃÆ' Faith, this star is known as Haykal (Arabic: "temple" ?), And it is initiated and founded by BÃÆ'¡b. The BÃÆ'¡b and BahÃÆ'¡'u'llÃÆ'¡h write various works in the form of pentagram.

Latter-day Saints

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints began using the upright and upturned five-pointed stars in Temple architecture, derived from the dedicated Nauvoo Illinois Temple on April 30, 1846. Other temples dotted with five-pointed stars in both orientations include Salt Lake Temple and the Logan Utah Temple. This use comes from the symbolism found in Revelation chapter 12: "And there arose a great miracle in heaven: a woman dressed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and on her head a crown of twelve stars."

Wicca

Due to the perceived relationship with Satanism and the occult, many US schools in the late 1990s sought to prevent students from displaying pentagram on clothing or jewelry. In public schools, such an act by administrators was determined in 2000 to violate the rights of the First Amendment students for free religious practice.

The circled pentagram (referred to as the pentacle by the plaintiff) was added to the list of 38 approved religious symbols to be placed on the gravestone of service members who fell at the Arlington National Cemetery on April 24, 2007. The decision was made after ten applications of the fallen soldier family practicing Wicca. The government paid the family US $ 225,000 to resolve their pending lawsuit.

Other religious uses

Serer religion

The five-pointed star is a symbol of Serer's religion and Serer's people from West Africa. Called Yoonir in their language, it symbolizes the universe in Serer's creation myth, and also represents the Sirius star.

Druze

The multi-colored version is used as a Druze religious symbol.

Other modern uses

• The Pentagram is displayed on the national flag of Morocco (adopted in 1915) and Ethiopia (adopted in 1996 and readopted 2009)

• The Order of the East Star, an organization (founded in 1850) associated with Freemasonry, uses the pentagram as its emblem, with five equilateral triangles of blue, yellow, white, green, and blue dots. red. In most of the Grand Chapter, the pentagram is used pointing downwards, but in some points pointing upwards. Grand Bab officers often have pentagons that read around stars. (The logo shown here comes from the Prince Hall Association).

• The Pentagram is displayed on the Dutch city flag Haaksbergen, also on its emblem.

Maps Pentagram

Geometry

Pentagram is the simplest regular star polygon. Pentagram contains ten points (five star points, and five inner vertices) and fifteen segment lines. This is represented by the symbol SchlÃÆ'¤fli {5/2}. Like a regular pentagon, and a regular pentagon with a pentagram built into it, the regular pentagram has the symmetry of dihedral groups of orders 10.

This can be seen as a net of pentagonal pyramids albeit with an equilateral triangle of legs.

Construction

The pentagram can be constructed by connecting the alternating hexagon knot; see construction details. It can also be built as a stupa of a pentagon, extending the edges of a pentagon until the lines are crossed.

Cutting

A pentagram t is uniformly cut {5/2} resulting in multiple pentagons with overlapping nodes and edges, {10/2}. Shrimp cutting produces isogonal figures, like this one with the same distance. A truncated retro-pentagram {5/3}, or quasitruncation, produces a decagram, {10/3}.

Gold ratio

Rasio emas, ? = (1 ? 5 )/2? 1.618, memuaskan

${\ displaystyle \ varphi = 1 2 \ sin (\ pi/10) = 1 2 \ sin 18 ^ {\ circ} \,}  ÂÂ$

${\ displaystyle \ varphi = 1/(2 \ sin (\ pi/10)) = 1/(2 \ sin 18 ^ {\ circ}) \,}  ÂÂ$

${\ displaystyle \ varphi = 2 \ cos (\ pi/5) = 2 \ cos 36 ^ {\ circ} \,}  ÂÂ$

play an important role in the pentagon and the regular pentagram. Each edge intersection divides in the golden ratio: the ratio of the length to the longer segment is ? , as well as the length of the longer segment to the shorter one. Also, the ratio of the shorter segment length to the segment bounded by two intersecting sides (the pentagon side at the center of the pentagram) is ? . As shown by the four color illustrations:

${\ displaystyle {\ frac {\ mathrm {red}} {\ mathrm {green}}} = {\ frac {\ mathrm {green}} {\ mathrm {blue}}} = {\ frac {\ mathrm {blue}} {\ mathrm {magenta}}} = \ varphi.}$

Consequently, in an equilateral triangle of legs with one or two angles 36 °, the longer the two sides of the length is ? times of the shorter of both, both in the case of acute as in the case of dulled triangles.

Three-dimensional figures

Beberapa polyhedra menggabungkan pentagram:

Dimensi lebih tinggi

Orthogonal projection of higher dimensional polyester can also create pentagrammic figures:

All ten 4-dimensional 4-polytopes SchlÃÆ'¤fli-Hess have either pentagrammic faces or vertex dot elements.

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Pentagram Venus

Source of the article : Wikipedia