A portable stove is a cooking stove designed specifically for portable and lightweight, used in camping, picnics, backpacking, or other uses in remote locations where easy-to-carry cooking or heating is required. Portable stoves can be used in a variety of situations, such as for outdoor food and catering services and in field hospitals.
Since the invention of portable stoves in the 19th century, various designs and models have been seen used in a number of different applications. Portable stove can be broken down into several major categories based on the type of fuel used and the stove design: a stove without pressure using solid or liquid fuel placed in the burner before ignition; stoves using volatile liquid fuels in a pressurized burner; gas stove; and the "spirit" of the food stove.
Video Portable stove
Histori
Contoh awal
Shichirin, light charcoal stove, has been used in Japan in almost identical form since at least the Edo period (1603-1868). Old shichirin is mainly ceramic and much can be found in old houses. Most modern Shichirin is made by heating the diatoms of the soil, but the raw material is not uniform. There is also a Shichirin as it is made with double ceramic structures inside and out. Its shape is mainly cylindrical, square, or rectangular, and its size also varies. Many varieties of Shichirin are made for different uses. In North America, they are also known as "Hibachi" or "Hibachi-style".
The early European portable stove burned animal fat and polar explorers continued to use fat as a supplement to cook fuel into the early 20th century.
Modern era
Modern portable stoves emerged since the mid-19th century. The French-born chef Alexis Soyer became a chef de cuisine at the Reform Club in London since 1837. He instituted many innovations, including gas cooking, cold-water cooled refrigerators, and ovens with temperatures that could arranged. In 1849 Soyer began marketing his portable "portable stove" that enabled people to cook food wherever they were. The design of "Magic Stove" Sergeant is based on the same principle as kerosene lamp, where the axis is used to pull fuel from the tank or reservoir to the burner.
During the Crimean War, Soyer joined forces at his own expense to advise soldiers to cook. Then he paid his expenses and salary equivalent to a Brigadier General. He designed his own field stove, Soyer Stove, and was trained and installed in every regiment "Regiment chef" so that the army would get enough food and not suffer from malnutrition or die from food poisoning. The catering standards within the British Army will remain inconsistent, however, and there will be no single Army Catering Corps until 1945. This is now part of Royal Logistics Corps, whose catering HQ is called House Sergeant. The stove, or its adaptation, remained in the British military service until the end of the 20th century.
In the 1850s, Famous Alpine Mountaineer Francis Fox Tuckett developed an alcoholic stove for campers and mountain climbers known as "Russian stoves." It was also known as "Rob Roy," after John MacGregor, a famous canoe dubbed "Rob Roy." MacGregor's 1866 book, "A Thousand Miles in the Rob Roy Canoe" is an international success and describes his camping methods. Tuckett's stove and integral cook kit are designed to hang from the ropes inside the tent.
Fridtjof Nansen also developed an alcohol furnace in the 1880s based on the work of Adolphus Greely. This is fixed on the initial design and then becomes the basis for the Trangia cooker.
Carl Richard Nyberg invented the torch in 1882 and began producing Primus stoves a decade later. The first model, called Viktoria , did not work very well, but then Svea did it better. Other sources praised Frans W Lindqvist for the same thing at the same time.
The use of a single burner alcohol burner for camping, similar to the contemporary Trangia brand, was reported as early as 1919. For many years, alcohol-based stoves were used on sailboats rather than stoves using kerosene for safety reasons; this has since been largely replaced by stoves using compressed gases (such as liquefied petroleum gases, butane or propane) in disposable or refillable tubes. Stoves are designed for military use, such as the World War II era G.I. Pocket Stove, designed to run with gasoline. The so-called "white gas" or naphtha is commonly used as fuel for camping and backpacking stoves, such as the compact Svea 123. The newer camping stoves are capable of burning several types of fuel, which makes it suitable for international travel where certain types of fuel may be unavailable.
The use of lightweight portable stoves for camping became commonplace in England and Europe in the second half of the 19th century. The practice is then accepted in North America, and coincides with the growing awareness of the environmental impact that camping backpackers have on the areas where they travel.
Before use, the usual practice for backpacking is to build an open fire for cooking from available materials such as fallen branches. The remaining fire scars on the ground will remain for two or three years before the vegetation recovers. The accumulation of fire scars in the often overtooked areas is incompatible with the pure appearance expected of backpackers, leading to a wider use of portable stoves.
Maps Portable stove
Usage
The stove is very different in size and portability. The smallest model is generally called the backpacking stove . They are designed for use in backpacking and bike tours, where light weight and small size are the most important considerations. Backpacking stove only consists of burners, fuel tanks and supporting pots. Legs - if any - are often folded to minimize the space required. Weight can range from about 1 to 2 ounces (30 to 60 g) for simple alcohol stoves, 11 to 14 ounces (310 to 400 g) for MSR type furnaces (without heavy fuels) and tube stoves (with gas cartridges); up to 1 pound (0.45 kg) for larger stoves. Single fireplace stoves, beverage cans, and small fuel stoves and gas cylinders are perfect for backpacking.
Camping Stove is designed for use by people traveling by car, boat, canoe, or horse riding. They are similar in functionality and ease of use to a kitchen stove, usually with two burners set to a table-like surface, and often with folding lids for storage and wind protection. This increases the weight accordingly.
Unsolicited liquid fuel stands
One burner alcohol burner
The simplest type of stove is a single pressure burner design, in which the burner contains fuel and that ignites the fire until it is extinguished or the fuel runs out. There are both liquid and solid fuel stoves of this variety. Because they are very small and light, this type of stove is likely to be favored by ultralight backpackers as well as those looking to minimize weight and bulk, especially for extended backpacking trips. Solid fuel stoves are also commonly used in emergency kits as they are both compact and fuel very stable over time. This simple stove is also commonly used when presenting Fondue.
Trangia Stove is a popular commercial alcohol furnace, available in various models, from one bare burner to an integrated expedition cooking system. Some of them are equipped with an insulating cover, allowing the burner to be packaged while still containing fuel, although putting the lid on when the hot stove can damage the O seal ring (hence it can leak during transit). The simpler system is the Sterno heater, where a can of jelly fuel also serves as a burner. Homemade drinks can be a stove (or "Pepsi can stove") similar. It's made out of used aluminum beverage cans, and comes in a variety of different designs.
Gravity feed spirit stove
The traditional "spirit stove" (alcohol or alcoholic alcohol) consists of a small reservoir or fuel tank lifted above and to the burner side. The fuel tank supplies the spirit of alcohol under gravity to the burner, where it is evaporated and burned. Gravity-fed spirit stoves are still found in many cruise ships, although most have been replaced with compressed gas stoves.
The lighting of the gravity-feeding spirit furnace is similar to lighting a traditional Primus stove. Around each burner is a lifting pan that is used to preheat the stove. To turn on the stove, the stove is first turned on to allow a small amount of fuel to pass through the burner and collect it as liquid in the frying pan. The burner is then turned off, and the fuel is turned on to preheat the stove. When the fuel in the pot is running low, the stove is turned on again, and fuel flows to the burner where it is evaporated and passes through the jets.
This stove looks and even sounds a bit like a pressurized burner stove, but the fuel tank is not in pressure. They remain popular for small boats because of the minimal fire risk they put in enclosed spaces.
Wicking stove
Wicking stoves are usually triggered by alcohol or kerosene.
- ORIGO alcohol furnace
- Project GaiaÃ,§The CleanCook Stove
- Butterfly 16-Wick Kerosene Cook Stove
Catalyst Platinum Stove
Humphry Davy discovers the use of platinum in catalysis. Where the catalytic body is inserted in the flammable vapor path and is heated in its path through the catalytic body sufficient to blend with the air as it exits the catalytic body and then burn on the catalytic surface of the body. These stoves are usually described as windproof, infrared, or radiant.
- Rechauds Catalytiques (1920, wicking)
- Therm'x Explorer 57C (1965, wicking)
- MSR Reactor (2007, pressurized)
- Rechaud A Catalytise Trek 270 (2010, pressurized)
Pressurized liquid fuel stove
Primus stove
The introduction of the first pressurized stove portable cooker is generally credited to Frans Wilhelm Lindqvist, in 1892. The Lindqvist Stove is based on pressurized blowtorch but equipped with a reversed burner of its own design. Together with partner J.V. Svensson, Lindqvist founded the Primus brand stove, which quickly developed into a worldwide market leader.
The kerosene burns the Primus stove and their imitators are made of brass and is a significant advancement over the previous design, which has used the axis to supply liquid fuel to the burner by capillary action. The Primus burner evaporates the fuel in the pipe circle rising from the fuel tank at the bottom of the stove, and which is preheated with alcohol (or "alcohol alcohol") before being burned inside the stove. Initial pressure is provided by hand operated small pumps integrated into the fuel tank of the stove. The flame on the Primus stove is adjusted using a pump to increase the pressure in the tank to make the flame larger, or by venturing the tank to reduce the pressure and make the flame smaller. Then the model uses a separate valve to adjust the flame. Primary-style furnaces are made in various sizes and styles, and many are designed to be dismantled for storage and transportation in separate cases.
Compact stove and hob for hiking
Smaller and more compact stoves were developed in the early 20th century using gasoline, which at the time was similar to so-called white gas and had no additives and other elements contained in modern gasoline. Similar in design to Primus-style kerosene stoves, the smaller white gas stoves are also made of brass with fuel tanks at base and burner units at the top. In contrast to Primus-style furnaces, however, priming either tanks and pre-heats the burner assembly on the type of stove. After burning, the heat from the burner maintains the pressure in the tank until the flame is extinguished. Svea 123, introduced in 1955, is one of the most popular of "self pressurizing" furnace designs, and is generally considered the first compact camping furnace. Optimus from Sweden produces a series of similarly designed furnaces in which the furnace component is completely enclosed in a folding metal box, the most popular being the Optimus 8R and Optimus 111 (and still in production as Optimus Hiker). The Coleman Company developed a small white gas stove with integrated fuel tank for the US Army in World War II, "GI pocket stove". Coleman still makes the same stoves today as 442, 533 and 550B (the latter can also be run with kerosene). This furnace has a pump to build initial pressure in the fuel tank, but generally self-pressurizing when walking (occasional pumping may be required if the stove is run at full output).
In the early 1970s, Mountain Safety Research (MSR) designed a pressurized burner stove intended to overcome the lack of performance of white gas stoves in cold or bad conditions, especially for mountain use. First introduced in 1973 and designated as Model 9 (and later as XGK Expedition), the MSR furnace has four main parts: a free-standing burner with integrated pot props; a fuel bottle, which doubles as a stove fuel tank; a pump that screw into the bottle; and a flexible tube or tube connecting the pump/bottle assembly to the burner assembly. This type of furnace design, with a "sticky" fuel tank held far from the burner, is solidified in the same way as other white gas stoves; However, since the tank is not self-pressurizing, the tank must be periodically pumped to maintain pressure to the burner. Most commercial liquid fuel stoves on the market today are from this design.
Pressure-burning stoves are now available that can burn off some fuels or volatile liquids with little or no modification (because of the variability in different fuel volatility, the jet of a multi-fuel stove may need to be changed according to its type. used), including alcohol, gasoline or other motor fuels, kerosene, jet propellant, and many others.
circular burner stove
The "coiled burner" stove is a variant on a pressurized burner design, where the burner assembly consists of a circular loop with a small hole at the bottom, where the fuel evaporates out and burns. Generally small, light and cheaply made, it is sold under the brand name "Stesco", "Tay-Kit", "Useful Camper" and others. The larger version of the circular burner stove is the Swiss-made Borde stove.
Gas cylinder stove
The most portable gas stove design is similar to that of many pressurized burner stoves, except for fuel tanks or liquid liquefied cartridges - usually butane, propane or mixed hydrocarbons - held under pressure. While the gas in the cartridge is in a liquid state when stored under pressure, it evaporates immediately when leaving the storage bottle (ie without priming), arrives at the burner as gas. The main advantage of the gas cartridge stove is the convenience: no priming required, they are generally maintenance free and capable of producing high direct heat output, the flame is easily adjustable and is generally considered easier to operate. There are two basic designs for most gas cartridge stoves used for camping: the burner assembly is mounted onto the top of the gas cartridge, which serves as the base of the stove, or the free-standing stove and cartridge separate from the burner and connected by using a hose or small pipe. The single propane burner stove commonly used in food service has a gas container integrated into the body of the stove. The butane cartridge is almost exclusively manufactured in South Korea with the sole exception being one manufacturer in Houston, Texas. Butane tubes produced in South Korea contain butane from Saudi Arabia, while American producers fill tubes with domestic butane.
Gas cartridges for camping furnaces tend to be expensive and usually not rechargeable. Disposable cartridges are considered inappropriate by some for environmental reasons. They perform poorly in cold weather. Until the appearance of the Lindal EN 417-specific valve catheter there is little compatibility between different makers and systems, and cartridges for older cartridge stoves often can not be obtained. Outside camping, disposable stoves using compressed butane gas canisters are very popular for catering and other food service applications.
Rechargeable gas bottles are heavier and tend to be used on larger stoves intended for camping camp or expedition camps, or residential use (such as for barbecue).
Some burner stoves
Stoves with two or more burners that can be operated together or separately are commonly used in base camps, car camps, and other situations involving cooking for larger groups. The folding "suitcase" style by Coleman is the most famous of these designs, and is intended for use on flat, stable surfaces such as desks. This type of furnace may have a separate fuel tank for each burner, or more commonly one shared tank by both burners. Double burner stoves generally use compressed gas, alcohol or Naphtha (also known as White Gas fuel or Coleman).
Solid fuel stove
The solid-fueled stove may consist of nothing more than a metal bottom plate and a container to hold fuel, a set of legs to keep the unit from coming into contact with the ground, and some support for billycan or other cooking vessel. The design is scalable, and can be used for anything from small backpacking stoves to large portable woodstoves. Fuel can be produced, for example, hexamine, or naturally, for example, wood forest fragments.
Fuel produced
Among compact commercial models, the Esbit solid fuel stove burns small tablets of hexamine or trioxane in a folding base made of aluminum or other base metals, and is a German design originating from World War II. Generally intended for use by one person, smoke will tend to contaminate food if exposed to burning tablets, and will also leave a messy residue that may be difficult to remove from cookware.
Outside America, metaldehyde is used as a solid fuel in small portable stoves. It is a light fuel with a slight burning odor without leaving any residue. However toxic to animals including humans if the fuel tablet is ingested and metaldehyde must be handled carefully to avoid unhealthy consumption.
Natural fuels, timber remnants
Stoves that use natural solid fuels, for example, wood and other wood chips, have a clear advantage: the user does not have to carry any stove fuel on his back. This original fuel usually consists of twigs and small pine cones that users collect in their campsites and places in their stove fuel chamber. Substituting natural fuels for these artificial fuels can save some ounces or pounds of fuel and their containers are not carried in travel packages, depending on the length of the trip. Pipe connection problems, fuel poisoning, leaks, spills, and flareup stoves are also not present when using a portable solid fuel stove. Contributions to climate change and dependence on fossil fuels are also minimized when using portable stoves powered by local and renewable biomass sources.
While simple, solid fuel stoves have some disadvantages compared to their liquid fuel counterparts. In most cases, the combustion rate can be controlled only by varying the amount of fuel placed over the fire, while the fluid fuel can be controlled precisely with the valve. In addition, no solid fuel is completely burned. Dense fuel stoves produce a bit of ash, and they can coat the bottom of a cooking boat with tar and soot. In addition, because some of the chemical energy from the fuel remains locked in smoke and soot, solid fuel releases less heat, grams for grams.
A simple hobo stove is made from a used tin that is removed by any size by removing the top of the can, punching a number of holes near the top edge, and punching the corresponding hole at the opposite base. Wood or other fuels are placed in cans and ignited. The pot (or larger tin cans) is placed at the top of the can to be cooked. Stoves with similar designs can be made from materials other than cans, such as drain pipes. More complex stoves may use a double walled design with space for partial biomass gasification and additional blending to increase heat output and provide cleaner and more complete burning.
Another type of solid fuel stove that has become more common is the so-called rocket stove. This is found to be more common in less developed countries where wood fuel sources are more scarce. There are several different designs used but smaller ones are portable and made of steel and other materials with insulation in a double walled design with space for partial biomass gasification and additional air and wood gas mixing to increase heat output and provide cleaner burning and more complete. The advantage of these rocket stoves is that they require less fuel, such as dry wood and weeds, to cook food, and with less air pollution.
AA single-operated battery stove, Sierra-driven Sierra "Zip" burns twigs, pine, bark, or other small flammable items. The fuel is placed into a small space and, with the fan turned on, burns at a high heat output of 15,000 BTU/h (4.40 kW), about twice that of a regular gasoline stove. Because the wood burns quickly on a Zip stove, it must constantly refuel during cooking. However, because of its ability to take advantage of any small pieces of wood that can be taken from the forest floor, additional weight and most of the additional fuel supply packaging is avoided. Ed Garvey, Appalachian track recorder and some A.T. via a pedestrian, carrying a Zip stove with him as he climbed A.T. at the age of 75 years.
Comparison of fuel
See also
References
External links
- A thousand miles in Rob Roy's canoe in rivers and lakes in Europe (1866)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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