Medical illustration is a form of biological illustration that helps record and disseminate medical, anatomical, and related knowledge.
Video Medical illustration
History
Medical illustrations have been made possible since the beginning of medicine in some cases over hundreds (or thousands) of years. Many illuminated manuscripts and Arabic scientific treatises from the medieval period include illustrations depicting various anatomical (circulatory, neurological, urogenital) systems, pathology, or treatment methodologies. Many of these illustrations may seem strange to modern eyes, since they reflect an early dependence on classical scholarship (especially Galen) rather than direct observation, and the representation of internal structures can be illusory. A high water mark is the 1543 AD publication at Andreas Vesalius De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septum , which contains over 600 beautiful wooden illustrations based on careful observation of human surgery.
As a profession, medical illustrations have a more recent history. In the late 1890s, Max BrÃÆ'¶del, a talented artist from Leipzig, was taken to Johns Hopkins Medical School in Baltimore to be illustrated for Harvey Cushing, William Halsted, Howard Kelly, and other important doctors. In addition to being an outstanding artist, he invented new techniques, such as carbon dust, which are well suited to his subject and current printing technology. In 1911 he led the first academic department of medical illustration, which continues to this day. Graduates are scattered around the world, and set up a number of academic programs listed below under "Education".
Leading medical illustrators include Max BrÃÆ'¶del and Dr. Frank H. Netter. For an online inventory of scientific illustrators including currently more than 1000 active medical illustrators 1450-1950 and specializing in anatomy, dermatology and embryology, see the Scientific Scientific Database 1450-1950 (DSI)
Medical illustrations are used in medical history.
Maps Medical illustration
Profession
Medical illustrators not only produce such material but can also function as consultants and administrators in the field of biocommunication. A certified medical illustrator continues to receive extensive training in medicine, science, and art techniques throughout his career.
The Medical Illustrator Association is an international organization founded in 1945, and incorporated in Illinois. Its members are primarily artists who create materials designed to facilitate the recording and dissemination of medical and bioscientific knowledge through visual communication media. Members are not only involved in the creation of the material, but also serve in consultant, advisory, educational and administrative capacity in all aspects of bioscientific communication and related fields of visual education.
The professional objective of AMI is to promote the study and advancement of medical illustrations and related visual communication fields, and to promote understanding and cooperation with the medical profession and related health science professions.
AMI publishes an annual Health Illustration Source Book distributed to creative and marketing professionals who regularly employ medical/scientific drawers for editorial, publishing, educational and advertising projects. There's a companion Source Book with searchable illustrations, animations and multimedia portfolios from hundreds of artists in the field.
The obvious ability required is to be able to visualize the subject, some level of originality in drawing styles and the subtle skills of color discrimination.
Education
Most medical illustrators in this profession have a master's degree from an accredited graduate program in medical illustration or other advanced degrees in both science and the arts. The Medical Illustrator Association is a member of the CAAHEP (Accreditation Committee of Allied Health Education Program), accrediting graduate program in medical illustration on the recommendation of ARC-MI (Accreditation Review Committee for Medical Illustrator) who is a permanent committee of AMI and CAAHEP Accreditation Committee. There are currently five Accredited Programs in North America:
The Department of Arts as Applied to Medicine at the Baltimore Baltimore East of the world-renowned Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions is the first program of its kind in the world. Endowed in 1911, the program has been around for more than 90 years. In 1959, Johns Hopkins University approved a two-year graduate program leading to the Master of Arts degree in Medicine and Biological Illustration. The academic calendar, faculty and student affairs are managed by The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. The program has been fully accredited since 1970, currently accredited by the Accreditation Commission of the Allied Health Education Program (CAAHEP). The current Chairman and Program Director are Gary P. Lees, MS, CMI.
The Biomedical Visualization Program at the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Applied Health Sciences is the second oldest school of medical illustration in the western hemisphere, founded in 1921 by Thomas Smith Jones (Jones is also co-founder of the Medical Illustrator Association). The UIC program is located in Chicago's national health and pharmaceutical center, and offers a market-based curriculum that includes the highest tech tips (including the infamous Virtual Reality Medical Laboratory and a strict animated curriculum). The Biomedical Visualization is located on the UIC Medical Center campus, home of the largest medical school in the United States. The UIC program combines more traditional aspects of medical illustration and emerging markets in the digital, pharmaceutical, and "edutainment" industries. UIC also offers extensive studies in the field of anaplastology (facial and somatic prosthetics), medical sculpture, and international internship programs available. Two years The Master of Science (MS) in Biomedical Visualization degree is awarded, and the program is accredited by the Accreditation Commission of the Allied Health Education Program (CAAHEP).
The Medical Illustration Postgraduate Program at Augusta University (formerly the Faculty of Medicine Georgia), in Augusta, Georgia is fully accredited by CAAHEP. Graduates receive a Master of Science in Medical Illustration. The first Master of Science degree in Medical Illustration at MCG was awarded in 1951. The program emphasizes anatomical and surgical illustrations for print and electronic publications, as well as for the projection and distribution of broadcasts. Due to the importance of good drawing skills, students learn various techniques of traditional illustrations during the first year. In addition, computer technology and digital techniques, used to prepare vector and raster images for print and motion media, integrate well and well into the curriculum.
Program of Biomedical Communication at the University of Toronto. The program was started in 1945 by Maria Wishart, a student of Max BrÃÆ'¶del. Faculties and graduates of this program contribute images to Atlas Anatomy Grant, a well-known guide to dissection, structure, and function for medical students. The current two-year professional Master's program, offered through the Institute of Medical Science, emphasizes a research-based approach to the creation and evaluation of visual materials for health promotion, medical education, and scientific discovery processes.
Graduate Program in Biomedical Communication at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas. The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center was the first school in the world to offer a bachelor's degree in medical illustration in 1945. Lewis Boyd Waters, who studied under Max Brodel at Johns Hopkins in 1920, was a founding member of the medical school and was responsible for starting the program master. Professor Waters died in 1969 and was subsequently replaced by some of his students who continued and expanded the program. The program is currently offered through the Department of Biomedical Communications, and courses are taught by the faculty of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Southwestern Biomedical Science Faculty, and the Southwest College of Health Sciences. The program is accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs. It is designed to be an interdisciplinary program that provides opportunities for the development of skills and knowledge required in the application of communication and technology arts to health sciences.
Technique
Medical illustrators create medical illustrations using traditional and digital techniques that can appear in medical textbooks, medical ads, professional journals, instructional videos and films, animations, web-based media, computer-assisted learning programs, exhibitions, lecture presentations, general magazines and television. Although many medical illustrations are designed for print or presentation media, medical illustrators also work in three dimensions, creating anatomical teaching models, patient simulators, and facial prosthetics.
Traditional medical illustration tools are slowly being replaced and equipped with a variety of unique modern artistic practices. Three-dimensional cameras and endoscopic cameras replace carbon dust and carcasses.
Additional images
See also
- Illustration
- Biological illustration
- Medical photography
- Anatomy fugitive sheets
- Embryon drawing
- Frank H. Netter, a productive medical illustrator
References
- Crosby, Ranice W. and John Cody. 1991. Max BrÃÆ'¶del; Men Who Incorporate Art Into Medicine. New York: Springer-Verlag.
- Demarest, Robert J., editor. 1995. History of Medical Illusions Association, 1945-1995. Atlanta: Medical Illusions Association.
- This article or an earlier version contains material from http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/medart/; copied with permission.
Note
External links
- Medical Illustration Source Book
- Article on Medical Illustrator about mshealthcenteers
- List of medical images and illustrations
- Stuttgart Scientific and Medical Scientific Database 1450-1950 (DSI) (with more than 6200 entries and 20 search fields)
- Anatomy Charts and Essays at the University of Virginia
- Medical Illustration of the Courtroom
- Digital Collection of Medical Illustrations from the University at Buffalo Libraries
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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